Gorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68142420120728Direct and residual phosphorus effects on grain yieldphosphorus
uptake relationships in upland rice on an ultisol
in West Africa28128861910.22069/ijpp.2012.619ENK.L. SahrawatGlobal Theme-Agro Ecosystems, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT),
Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India.Journal Article20120728Phosphorus (<em>P</em>) deficiency is a major constraint to crop production on highly weathered, lowactivity
clay soils in the humid zone of West Africa. Past research suggested a linear relationship
between grain yield and P uptake over a range of fertilizer P applied to upland rice cultivars.
However, there is lack of information on how these relationships are affected by the long-term
fertilizer P effects, although such information is needed for developing P management strategies
because phosphate fertilization effects last for several seasons. Results from a long-term field
experiment (1993-1998) conducted to determine the response of four improved upland rice cultivars
to fertilizer P (0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg P ha-1) applied only once in 1993 and to its residues in 1994,
1995, 1996 and 1998, were used to determine grain yield and P uptake relationships. The soil at the
experimental site, in the humid forest zone of Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa), was an Ultisol with acidic
pH and low in available P. Significant linear relationships (R varying between 0.796 and 0.956) were
observed between grain yield and total P uptake for each of the crops grown during 1993-1998. The
results indicate that P uptake based models can be used to determine P requirements of rice cultivars
under direct and residual P.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_619_3c8b924956e7f29103367ed1ce31f119.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68142420120728Impact of 15N-labeled rice straw and rice straw compost
application on N mineralization and N uptake by rice28929662010.22069/ijpp.2012.620ENA. GhoneimRice Research & Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.Journal Article20120728Incorporation of plant residues in soil affects N and C content and dynamics. This study<br />determined the effects of short-term alternative rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue management on N<br />mineralization and uptake by rice. Pot and laboratory incubation experiments were established by<br />incorporating 15N-labeled rice straw and rice straw compost in paddy soil. The 15N recovered by rice<br />averaged 16.6%; most of this recovered 15N-fertilizer was cycled through soil pools and only small<br />amounts originated from labeled rice residues. At harvest, denitrification rate of rice straw and rice<br />straw compost was 27.2% and 38.5%, respectively in the pot experiment, while residual N in soil<br />ranged from 56.2% and 55.1%, respectively. The incubation study showed that about 22-26% of N<br />from 15N-labeled rice straw was mineralized over a period of 105 days. Recovery of residual 15Nfertilizer<br />appears to contribute little to total inorganic N. The results showed that rice residues exerted<br />a small and short-term positive effect on N mineralization and N uptake.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_620_0de429a86201158e8f9e9fcd2ca0379d.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68142420120728Quantitative studies for investigating variation and its effect
on heterosis of rice29730862110.22069/ijpp.2012.621ENA. AhmadikhahDepartment of Agronomy and plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
and Natural Resources, Beheshti St., P.O. Box 386, Gorgan, Iran.S. NasrollanejadDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural
Resources, Beheshti St., P.O. Box 386, Gorgan, Iran.O. AlishahCotton Research Institute of Iran, Gorgan, Iran.Journal Article20120728An important step in plant breeding programs is identification of parents that are genetically<br />distant from each other, to find crossing combinations with better prospects of hybrid vigor. The<br />potential of identifying genetically distant parents depends on genetic diversity of population. 58 lines<br />of rice from diverse origins have been employed to study genetic variation in order to identify the<br />most effective components of grain yield. Using cluster analysis, the lines were classified into three<br />distinct classes; some of classes containing lines from different origins. Factor analysis has been<br />conducted to identify important components of variation and contributions of traits in each factor.<br />Based on factor analysis, 6 components were identified, explaining ~82% of observed variation.<br />Evaluation of heterosis of crosses, whose parents were selected based on genetic distances (GD),<br />showed that maximum heterosis was obtained for crosses containing the furthest lines. All together,<br />our results support the idea that the level of correlation between hybrid performance and genetic<br />divergence is depends on the germplasm used.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_621_c34efd6393aa5b8a4186d0312b863c83.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68142420120728Microarray analysis of gene expression patterns in
Arabidopsis seedlings under trehalose, sucrose and sorbitol
treatment30932062210.22069/ijpp.2012.622ENM. AghdasiDepartement of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources,
Gorgan, Iran.S. SmeekensDepartment of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8,
3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.H. SchluepmanDepartment of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8,
3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.Journal Article20120728Trehalose is the non-reducing alpha-alpha-1, 1-linked glucose disaccharide. The biosynthesis<br />precursor of trehalose, trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P), is essential for plant development, growth,<br />carbon utilization and alters photosynthetic capacity but its mode of action is not understood. In the<br />current research, 6 days old seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia ecotype) were grown in<br />liquid culture containing 100 mM trehalose, sorbitol or sucrose for 24 hours. Changes in the genes<br />expression patterns were studied by cDNA microarray analysis. In sucrose treatment expression of<br />1745 genes was significantly changed. But trehalose changed significantly the expression of only 162<br />genes compared to sorbitol after 24h treatment. Gene expressions profiles revealed that 100 mM<br />trehalose altered 5% of the genes which are changed by 100 mM sucrose. Statistical analysis showed<br />that only 4 genes which are induced by trehalose repressed by sucrose. Exogenous trehalose treatment<br />did not down-regulate the expression of carbon catabolite genes, but up-regulates a specific<br />combination of genes known from biotic stress responses. Trehalose induced gene expression<br />responses related to ROS and secondary metabolism activation. The expression profile shows<br />particularly up-regulation (8-fold) of a glutathione transferase (GST22) under trehalose but not<br />sucrose. Also, trehalose treatment induced expression of the JA and ethylene signaling pathways<br />factors. These findings revealed that trehalose or its precursor, T6P, are important in gene expression<br />regulation of plants.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_622_30a1ccd5641275d120a33177d50c8072.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68142420120728Genetic diversity assessment in physic nut
(Jatropha curcas L.)32132662310.22069/ijpp.2012.623ENR.H. GohilDiscipline of Phytosalinity, Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India.J.B. PandyaDiscipline of Phytosalinity, Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India.Journal Article20120728Mahalanobis’ D-square (D2) statistics was applied to assess diversity in the 9 genotypes collected<br />of semi-arid region of India (7 genotypes from Gujarat and Rajasthan for normal toxic and two from<br />Orissa csmcri’s plantation of non toxic nature. These genotypes were grouped into five. Cluster I and<br />III had two genotypes, cluster II had three genotypes and cluster VI and V contributed as solitary<br />germplasms. The genotypes in cluster II had the maximum divergence which was closely followed by<br />cluster III. The maximum and minimum divergence was revealed between clusters I with cluster V<br />and cluster I and cluster V with cluster IV, respectively. In general, cluster III and IV exhibited high<br />and low mean values, respectively for most of the characters. It has been suggested that for varietal<br />improvement, hybridization among the genotypes of divergent clusters should be done in order to<br />obtain better results in terms of variability and diversity.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_623_1f7e460b6514f60b890ecbbd0ac3ec8f.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68142420120728Seasonal dynamics and prevalence of alfalfa fungal
pathogens in Zanjan province, Iran32734062410.22069/ijpp.2012.624ENB. NaseriDepartment of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 45195474, Zanjan, Iran.A.R. MarefatDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.Journal Article20120728During 2000 and 2001, the prevalence of fungal diseases of alfalfa was surveyed under<br />environmental conditions in Zanjan province, Iran. In total, 15 genera of fungal pathogens were<br />isolated from plants sampled from the fields. All of these disease interactions had not been previously<br />recorded in Zanjan and Colletotrichum truncatum, Leptotrochila medicaginis, Phoma medicaginis,<br />Rhizoctonia crocorum on alfalfa were new disease reports for Iran. In 2000, the mean disease<br />incidence of fungal pathogens of alfalfa varied by sampling time and field location. Decreases in the<br />incidence of diseases occurred after cuttings. The incidence of diseases detected in 2000 was<br />correlated negatively with mean monthly temperature and positively with monthly total rainfall,<br />indicating that reductions in diseases were associated with higher temperature and less humidity,<br />irrespective of fungal species. In 2001, Ph. medicaginis was the predominant fungus infected 42.8%<br />of plants in the alfalfa fields followed by Pseudopeziza medicaginis (39.1%), Uromyces striatus<br />(33.3%), Peronospora trifoliorum (29.8%), Sporonema phacidioides (17.7%), and Leveillula taurica<br />(10.1%), irrespective of sampling time and field location. There was no significant correlation<br />between weather variables and disease incidence for Ph. medicaginis or L. taurica. However, the<br />incidence of common leaf spot and downy mildew were significantly correlated with both monthly<br />mean temperature and total rainfall. The incidence of rust was positively correlated with mean<br />monthly temperature, whereas the incidence of yellow leaf blotch was negatively correlated with<br />monthly total rainfall. This improved knowledge of diseases of alfalfa in Zanjan will assist in the<br />future selection of management strategies and breeding of suitable cultivars for use in regions with<br />similar climatic conditions.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_624_8c6d33e3da37b41aee850dee47b6d288.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68142420120728Effects of application of olive mill by-products on chickpea
yield and their symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi under arid
conditions34135262510.22069/ijpp.2012.625ENK. HameedDepartment of Plant Production, Jordan University of science and Technology, Ma’an, P.O. Box 20, Jordan.M. TurkDepartment of Plant Production, Jordan University of science and Technology, Ma’an, P.O. Box 20, Jordan.T. AssafDepartment of Plant Production, Jordan University of science and Technology, Ma’an, P.O. Box 20, Jordan.A.M. AL-TawahaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Al Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, P.O. Box 20, Jordan.Journal Article20120728This study investigated the effects of soil amendment with olive mill by-products (Jift) on growth<br />of chickpea and their symbiosis with Vesicular arbascular (VA) fungi. A split plot design with three<br />replications was used, in which soil treatments (methyl bromide fumigated, fungicide, and untreated<br />control) were assigned to main plots and soil-Jift mixtures(Jift: Soil; 0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, and 4:6) to<br />sub plots . Results indicated that the highest seed yield (2295 kg ha-1) was attained under untreated<br />control followed by those which treated with fungicide (2260 kg ha-1) and methyl bromide (2031 kg<br />ha-1). When Jift was considered as main factor, seed yield was found to be increased as Jift level was<br />increased in soil mixtures. However, the greatest Jift level at the rate of 3:7 produced insignificant<br />increase of seed and over the yields produced at the rate of 2:8. Phosphorus content per plant was<br />senior under untreated control plots than under methyl bromide and fungicide treatments. There was a<br />propensity of improved phosphorus content along with increasing Jift level in soil mixtures. On the<br />other hand, the highest Jift level (3:7) caused phosphorus content to be somewhat decreased<br />compared to Jift at the rate of 2:8, under untreated control and methyl bromide treatment.Gorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68142420120728Responses of proline, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative
enzymes in two varieties of Pisum sativum L. under salt
stress35336662610.22069/ijpp.2012.626ENP. AhmadBiochemistry Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas,
New Delhi 110016, India.R. JohnCentre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.M. SarwatPlant Molecular Biology Lab. (ICGEB) Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.S. UmarDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India.Journal Article20120728The possible involvement of activated oxygen species in the mechanism of damage by NaCl<br />stress was studied in leaves of two varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cv. EC 33866 and Puget. The<br />level of lipid peroxidation, enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate<br />peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), dihydroascorbate reductase<br />(DHAR, 1.8.5.1) were studied. High chlorophyll stability was observed in EC 33866 varieties than<br />Puget. Significant accumulation in the levels of Na+ and Cl- was observed in Puget as the<br />concentration of salt increased. Decrease in levels of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ was recorded in both<br />varieties but Puget showed more decrease as compared to EC 33866. Salt stress increased the rate of<br />lipid peroxidation in both the varieties of pea but more decrease was observed in Puget. Salt stress<br />induced significant increase in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. The SOD and APX increased<br />in both varieties at all concentrations but the increase was more in EC 33866 variety than Puget. GR<br />and DHAR were increased in both the varieties at 150 mM NaCl, however at 200 mM NaCl decline<br />was observed. Decline of DHAR and GR was more pronounced in Puget as compared to the EC<br />33866 variety.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_626_7f91c6ee8d5618a1fd2397294d0dd357.pdf