Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
7
4
2013
09
01
info
0
0
1260
10.22069/ijpp.2013.1260
EN
Journal Article
2013
08
18
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1260_94d0bf16ced3aa343d22ce671bc21383.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
7
4
2013
09
01
Farmer’s seed sources and seed quality: 2. seed health
637
658
1261
10.22069/ijpp.2013.1261
EN
Z.
Bishaw
Seed Section, ICARDA, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria.
P.C.
Struik
A.J.G.
Van Gastelc
Journal Article
2013
08
18
The study assessed the health quality of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.) and
barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare </em>L.) seed samples collected from formal and informal
sector in Ethiopia and Syria. In Ethiopia, several seed-borne fungi were found on
wheat samples: <em>Cochliobolus sativum</em>, <em>Fusarium avenaceum</em>, <em>F. graminearum</em>,
<em>F. nivale</em>, <em>F. poae </em>and <em>Septoria nodorum</em>. <em>C. sativum </em>was predominant with 84% of
samples infected (frequency) and 1.85% mean infection level (rate) followed by
<em>F. graminearum </em>with 74% and 1.54%, respectively. Certified seed consistently
showed less infection for most seed-borne pathogens. In Syria, 68% and 14%,
respectively, of wheat samples were infected with common bunt (<em>Tilletia </em>spp) and
loose smut (<em>Ustilago tritici</em>). Mean loose smut infection rate was 0.79%. In barley,
85% of samples were infected with covered smut (<em>Ustilago hordei</em>) and 83% with
loose smut (<em>Ustilago nuda</em>). Mean loose smut infection rate was 18%. Wheat seed
health was better than of barley in terms of frequency and rate of infection. In
Ethiopia, significant difference (P<0.001) in infection levels was detected for most
pathogens from different seed sources, but not in Syria. There were significant
differences (P<0.001) in mean infection levels across regions and districts for both
crops in Ethiopia and Syria. All seed samples infected with loose smut of wheat or
barley were in excess of minimum standards for seed certification across West Asia
and North Africa, showing fundamental weaknesses in seed health from both
formal and informal sources. National seed programs should set realistic standards
and introduce routine testing to produce healthy seed.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1261_26c8e27ff0ad5c7a23515d7127ac41a6.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
7
4
2013
09
01
Marigold (Calendula officinalis) yield as affected by lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album) competition
659
664
1262
10.22069/ijpp.2013.1262
EN
B.
Mirshekari
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
Journal Article
2013
08
18
To study interferential effect of lamb's-quarters (<em>Chenopodium album </em>L.) on <br />marigold (<em>Calendula officinalis</em>) yield and lamb's-quarters seed production two <br />factorial field experiments were conducted in Tabriz, Iran, during 2010-2011. <br />Treatments were densities of lamb's-quarters (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 plants per meter row) <br />and relative times of its emergence (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after marigold <br />emergence). Marigold could tolerate4 lamb's-quarters plants per meter row without <br />any significant yield reduction, when it emerges 40 days after that of marigold. A <br />suitable fit to model of Cousens et al. was obtained for all marigold flower yield <br />data sets at interference with lamb's-quarters. Results also indicate that controlling <br />lamb's-quarters early in the season may reduce its seed production capacity.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1262_9dc5312514693c6cc427e9c6c3ac9e1f.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
7
4
2013
09
01
Assessment of glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis L. Cronq.) and fleabane (Conyza albida Willd. ex Spreng) populations from perennial crops in Greece
665
676
1263
10.22069/ijpp.2013.1263
EN
I.S.
Travlos
Laboratory of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75, Iera Odos st., 11855 Athens, GREECE.
D.
Chachalis
Laboratory of Weed Science, Benaki Phytopatholigical Institute, 8 St. Delta str., 14561, Kifissia, GREECE.
Journal Article
2013
08
18
The extended use of glyphosate resulted to its reduced efficacy against
increasingly problematic weeds, such as <em>Conyza </em>spp. The objectives of this study
were to determine the occurrence of glyphosate resistance in horseweed
(<em>C. canadensis</em>) and fleabane (<em>C. albida</em>) populations in Greece, to evaluate the
effect of weed growth stage on glyphosate efficacy under controlled environmental
conditions and to study seed germination patterns of glyphosate-resistant (GR) and
glyphosate-susceptible (GS) populations. Plants from 28 and 14 populations of
horseweed and fleabane, respectively, sampled from five prefectures in Greece
were sprayed with glyphosate at recommended rates. 68% of the tested populations
of horseweed were potentially resistant or intermediate, while the relative
percentage for fleabane was significantly lower (50%), probably because of the
later introduction of this species. After initial screening, six populations from each
species were selected and dose-response experiments were conducted. Glyphosate
rates required to control some populations were 7 to 14 times greater than that for
control of the reference susceptible populations. Sensitivity of GR horseweed and
fleabane populations to glyphosate was strongly dependent on growth stage, with
plants at the seedling stage being most sensitive to the herbicide. Moreover, when
seeds of GR and GS populations from both species were subjected to different
alternating temperature, germination occurring and seedling vigour did not differ
between them with maximum germination at 10/20 and 15/25 oC. Consequently,
various integrated management strategies should be urgently implemented in order
to manage or slow the spread of glyphosate resistance in these species.
<em>Keywords: </em>Glyphosate resistance; Horseweed; Fleabane; Growth stages.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1263_dda6160670cffb4cd7574990fcb91ec9.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
7
4
2013
09
01
Nutrient uptake of peanut genotypes under different water regimes
677
692
1264
10.22069/ijpp.2013.1264
EN
J.
Junjittakarn
Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, KhonKaen University, Muang,Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
S.
Pimratch
Program in Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha
Sarakham 4400, Thailand.
S.
Jogloy
Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, KhonKaen University, Muang,Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
W.
Htoon
Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, KhonKaen University, Muang,Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
N.
Singkham
Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, KhonKaen University, Muang,Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
N.
Vorasoot
Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, KhonKaen University, Muang,
Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
B.
Toomsan
Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, KhonKaen University, Muang,Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
C.C.
Holbrook
USDA-ARS, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA, USA.
A.
Patanothai
Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, KhonKaen University, Muang,Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Journal Article
2013
08
18
Drought is a serious environmental stress limiting growth and productivity in
peanut and other crops. Nutrient uptake of peanut is reduced under drought
condition, which reduces yield. The objectives of this study were to investigate
nutrient uptake of peanut genotypes in response to drought and to estimate the
relationship between nutrient uptake and peanut yield under different water regimes.
Pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the dry season 2002/03 and the
rainy season 2003. Three soil moisture levels [field capacity (FC), 2/3 available soil
water (2/3 AW) and 1/3 available soil water (1/3 AW)] were assigned as factor A and
11 peanut genotypes as factor B. Total nutrient uptake was determined at harvest.
Season×water regime interactions and differences in seasons, water regimes and
genotypes were significant for all nutrient uptakes. The interactions between season
and genotype were significant for N and K uptakes. The nutrient uptakes of peanut
plants grown under FC were higher than those plants grown under water stress
treatments. Tifton 8 was the highest genotype for all nutrient uptakes in both dry and
rainy seasons, while ICGV 98303 and KK 60-3 had high nutrient uptake under water
stress condition. The nutrient uptake of peanut in the rainy season was higher than
the dry season. The relationships between nutrient uptake parameters, biomass and
pod dry weight were positive and significant in both seasons. This information is
important for peanut breeder interested in developing peanut lines with reasonably
high nutrient uptake under drought condition.
<em>Keywords: </em>Biomass; Harvest index; Relationship; Nitrogen uptake; Water stress.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1264_dc4d88ed438143bded076a0e5b869dd0.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
7
4
2013
09
01
Influence of drought stress on nutritive value of perennial forage legumes
693
710
1265
10.22069/ijpp.2013.1265
EN
K.
Küchenmeister
Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Grassland Science, Georg-August-University Göttingen.
F.
Küchenmeister
Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Grassland Science, Georg-August-University Göttingen.
M.
Kayser
Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Grassland Science, Georg-August-University Göttingen.
N.
Wrage-Mönnig
Faculty of Life Science, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Kleve.
J.
Isselstein
Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Grassland Science, Georg-August-University Göttingen.
Journal Article
2013
08
18
In the next decades, forage legumes are likely to become more important.
However, predicted climate change may increase the risk of droughts and thus
influence their agricultural performance. Decreases in yield due to water shortage are
well documented, while influences on nutritive values are inconsistent. Therefore, we
examined the effects of drought on crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF),
acid detergent fibre (ADF) and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) of six legumes,
birdsfoot trefoil (<em>Lotus corniculatus </em>L.); marsh birdsfoot trefoil (<em>Lotus uliginosus</em>
Schkuhr); black medic (<em>Medicago lupulina </em>L.); yellow alfalfa (<em>Medicago falcata </em>L.);
sainfoin (<em>Onobrychis viciifolia </em>Scop.) and white clover (<em>Trifolium repens </em>L.) in
monoculture and in mixture with perennial ryegrass (<em>Lolium perenne </em>L.) in a
container experiment in a vegetation hall. Moderate and strong drought stress was
applied during three periods in two years. Mean volumetric soil water content at the
end of the moderate drought stress period was 11 vol. % and 6 vol. % under strong
stress. The effect of drought on nutritive values was considerably less pronounced
than on yield. While the impact of moderate stress on nutritive quality was
negligible, we found decreases in CP, NDF and ADF and increases in WSC under
strong stress. This may indicate that water scarcity could even increase fodder quality
and digestibility. However, the choice of legume species and stand (monoculture or
mixture) had stronger effects on nutritive values than drought. We conclude that the
reaction of temporary drought on nutritive values seems to be less important for the
selection of suitable forage legumes species than other agronomic properties under
conditions of climate change.
<em>Keywords: </em>Crude protein; NDF; ADF; Water-soluble carbohydrates.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1265_651f854cc0df62c9ecc8ea72d81d6576.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
7
4
2013
09
01
SSM-Wheat: a simulation model for wheat development,growth and yield
711
740
1266
10.22069/ijpp.2013.1266
EN
A.
Soltani
Agronomy Group, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49138-15739,
Iran
V.
Maddah
Agronomy Group, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49138-15739,
Iran.
T.R.
Sinclair
Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA.
Journal Article
2013
08
18
A robust crop model can assist in genetic improvement and cultural
management of the crop. The objectives of this study were to describe a wheat
(<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.) model and to report results of its evaluation. The model
simulates phenological development, leaf development and senescence, crop mass
production and partitioning, plant nitrogen balance, yield formation and soil water
and nitrogen balances. The model includes responses of crop processes to
environmental factors of solar radiation, temperature and nitrogen and water
availability. Parameters are inputted in describing physiological processes so that
these can be varied to define genotypic differences. The model uses a daily time
step and readily available weather and soil information. The model was tested
using independent data and indicated an acceptable performance for important crop
attributes as compared to observed results including days to anthesis (CV=4.5%;
r=0.98) and maturity (CV=5.6%; r=0.96), crop LAI (CV=11.8%; r=0.80) and dry
mass at anthesis (CV=9.3%; r=0.72) and total crop mass (CV=9.5%; r=0.82) at
maturity and grain yield (CV=8.4%; r=0.89). It was concluded that the model can
be used in simulation studies of wheat yield and its limitations in response to
environmental conditions, management inputs and genetic factors.
<em>Keywords: </em>Wheat; Simulation; Yield; Water; Nitrogen.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1266_2e618793a503ce9f956f510cb58f2534.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
7
4
2013
09
01
Relationship of base temperature to development of winter wheat
741
762
1267
10.22069/ijpp.2013.1267
EN
M.R.
Salazar-Gutierrez
AgWeatherNet, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350-8694, USA.
J.
Johnson
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, The University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA.
B.
Chaves-Cordoba
AgWeatherNet, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350-8694, USA.
G.
Hoogenboom
AgWeatherNet, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350-8694, USA.
Journal Article
2013
08
18
Development of wheat (<em>Triticum </em>spp.) is primary driven by temperature, but is
also affected by other factors such as vernalization and photoperiod. Crop growth
and development are often described in terms of calendar days. However,
determining the development in terms of thermal time or physiological time is
more accurate because it is an accumulation of the caloric energy needed for the
occurrence of phenological stages. The objectives of this study were: (i) to
determine the base temperature for key phenological stages of different winter
wheat cultivars and (ii) to develop a phenological model using the base temperature
for predicting the duration in terms of thermal time for different phenological
stages. Eight wheat cultivars were selected according to their vernalization period
to determine the base temperature for three critical developmental phases, i.e.,
planting to heading, heading to harvest and planting to harvest. For each cultivar,
the base temperature for each critical period was estimated as well as the duration
of the three key phenological stages in terms of thermal time for three locations in
Georgia from 1999 to 2010. The base temperatures and the growing degrees varied
widely depending both on the developmental stage and the cultivar. The estimated
base temperatures for the eight wheat cultivars ranged from 3.1 to 8.1 oC, 10.6 to
18.4 oC and 1.6 to 8.4 oC, for planting to heading, heading to harvest maturity and
planting to harvest maturity. Also, the duration in Growing Degree Days (GDD)
was determined for each season and cultivar. When 0 oC was used as the base
temperature, the GDD between cultivars varied from 1675-1844, 1017-1239 and
2827-2936 oC from planting to heading, heading to harvest maturity and planting to
harvest maturity, respectively. The results from this study provided specific base
temperatures for each developmental stage for each individual cultivar and,
therefore, provided a more accurate estimation of GDD. The variation in base
temperature and GDD accumulation is probably a selective advantage for winter
wheat. Clearly more work is required to estimate the base temperatures and
duration for others phenological stages and further evaluation is required for
additional cultivars and a wider range of environments.
<em>Keywords: </em>Growing degree days; Development; Phenology.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1267_5516bc51d137246e9188c8ee29092420.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
7
4
2013
09
01
Efficient test sites for multi-environment evaluation of sugarcane genotypes in Thailand
763
790
1268
10.22069/ijpp.2013.1268
EN
P.
Klomsa-ard
Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon
Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
A.
Patanothai
Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon
Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
P.
Jaisil
Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon
Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Journal Article
2013
08
18
Multi-environment trials (METs) of crop genotypes are costly and require
efficient test sites for cost effectiveness. This study aimed to identify efficient
test sites for METs of sugarcane (<em>Saccharum </em>spp.) genotypes in Thailand, utilizing
data from 10 sugarcane genotypes conducted at nine locations covering different
sugarcane growing regions of the country for two crop-classes. Cluster analysis and
the genotype plus genotype × environment (GGE) biplot method were used to group
these sites into five subsets, based on their similarity in genotypic responses of cane
and sugar yields of the planted crop and the first ratoon crop. The results showed a
fair agreement between the two methods, but inconsistent results were obtained
from groupings that were based on different yield traits and crop-classes. Locations
appearing more consistent in certain groups were chosen as the representatives of the
respective groups to constitute the set of efficient test sites. Cluster analysis and the
GGE biplot, however, identified different sets of test sites that were equally effective
in retaining the G×L interaction and the performance ranking of the test genotypes as
the original nine test sites. The selected locations by cluster analysis which included
Nakhon Ratchasima, Ratchaburi, Kamphaeng Phet, Tha Phra, Khon Kaen and Udon
Thani are preferred because of their wider geographical distribution. Four sites could
thus be omitted, which would substantially reduce the costs and time and greatly
improve the efficiency of the METs of sugarcane genotypes in Thailand.
<em>Keywords: </em>Multi-environment trials (METs); Environment grouping; GGE biplot;
Cluster analysis; Breeding line evaluation.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1268_398c15bc473cb1801389930ee753b3c3.pdf