Gorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68147220121231info0198010.22069/ijpp.2012.980ENJournal Article20121231https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_980_86c30d395ed4b7a5d51af5f49489cc9c.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68147220121231Maize production, economics and soil productivity under different organic ource of nutrients in eastern himalayan region, India16718698110.22069/ijpp.2012.981ENV.K. ChoudharyaICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Arunachal Pradesh Centre, Basar, India-791 101P. Suresh KumarbCentral Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthpurum, Kerala, India-695 017Journal Article20121231Replenishing nutrients through organic sources is essential to maintain the soil
health and sustainability in Eastern Himalayan Region, India which is organic by
default. Keeping this in mind an experiment was laid out on randomized block
design with six treatments <em>viz., </em>T1: Vermicompost (VC; 2.5 Mg ha-1), T2: Poultry
manure (PM; 1.25 Mg ha-1), T3: Swine manure (SM; 3.0 Mg ha-1), T4: Cow dung
manure (CDM; 10.0 Mg ha-1), T5: Farm yard manure (FYM; 10.0 Mg ha-1) and
T6: control and replicated thrice to study the effect of applied organic nutrients on
growth and yield attributes of maize. The physical parameters like porosity,
maximum water holding capacity (MWHC), field capacity (FC), permanent wilting
point (PWP), bulk density (BD) and moisture releasing pattern was measured better
when the crop was supplied with FYM followed by CDM. Chemical parameters
like pH, Soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and
potassium (K) were recorded better on VC followed by PM over control. The
growth, physiological parameters, yield attributes and yield were recorded higher
on VC. The uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was higher on VC
followed by PM, whereas least nutrients were taken up by control. Similarly the
gross and net return was recorded higher on VC followed by PM, whereas, B: C
ratio was recorded higher on PM followed by CDM. However the lowest economic
returns were recorded on control. Agronomic efficiency was recorded higher on
VC followed by PM.
<em>Keywords: </em>Maize; Organic sources; Growth; Yield; Economics; Soil properties.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_981_ebcc5188d9a16fd3414f462c136e034b.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68147220121231Influence of salicylic acid pre-treatment on emergence and early seedling growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus)under salt stress18720698210.22069/ijpp.2012.982ENB. BaninasabDepartment of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.M.R BaghbanhaDepartment of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.Journal Article20121231Salicylic acid (SA) is a common, plant-produced signal molecule that is
responsible for inducing tolerance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. An
experiment was therefore conducted to test whether the application of SA at
various concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50 or 1.0 mM) through a seed-soaking method
would protect cucumber (<em>Cucumis sativus </em>L.) seedlings subjected to salt stress.
After soaking, seeds were sown in plastic trays filled with washed fine sand. The
trays were then placed in the greenhouse and watered with different NaCl solutions
(0, 50, 100 and 150 mM), for a period of 4 weeks. SA improved the majority of
physiological (relative leaf chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content and
chlorophyll fluorescence ratio) and morphological parameters (total emergence,
mean emergence time, shoot and root dry weights) of cucumber seedlings
subjected to salt stress. SA improved the injuries caused by salt stress by promoting
K+ accumulation and preventing increases in leaf electrolyte leakage and Na+
contents of leaves and roots. The best protection appeared to be obtained from SA
applied by seed-soaking method at 1.00 mM.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_982_41335c84f46c7c0bed4a4ad585b89672.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68147220121231Spatio-temporal variation of wheat and silage maize water requirement using CGMS model20722498310.22069/ijpp.2012.983ENF. SargordiAcademic member of water engineering department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.PhD student, ITC faculty, University of Twente, the Netherlands.B. Farhadi BansoulehAssistant professor, water engineering department, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranM.A. SharifiAssociate professor, ITC faculty, University of Twente, the NetherlandsH. Van KeulenProfessor, Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, the NetherlandsJournal Article20121231The Crop Growth Monitoring System (CGMS) has been applied for spatial
biophysical resource analysis of Borkhar & Meymeh district in Esfahan province,
Iran. The potentially suitable area for agriculture in the district has been divided into
128 homogeneous land units in terms of soil (physical characteristics), weather and
administrative unit. Crop parameters required in the WOFOST simulation model for
winter wheat and silage maize, have been calibrated based on experimental data from
the study area. The study area has been classified into three cropping calendar zones
based on average annual temperature, altitude and latitude. For each zone, a sowing
date has been defined for each crop as the starting point of crop growth simulation.
Growth of these crops has been simulated for the potential situation in each land unit
for 20 years of historical daily weather data. Daily potential evapotranspiration and
irrigation requirements of each crop per land unit have been calculated in a postsimulation,
on the basis of model outputs. Outputs of the model are crop yield
(marketable yield and total biomass) and irrigation requirements per decade. Spatial
and temporal variation in irrigation requirements has been analyzed. The temporal
variation in crop water requirements is larger than the spati3al variation.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_983_0fd971e269e1ee0fae0ebeaddadd39b0.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68147220121231Association of nitrogen fixation to water uses efficiency and yield traits of peanut22524298410.22069/ijpp.2012.984ENS. PimratchProgram in Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha
Sarakham 44000, Thailand.S. JogloyDepartment of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon
Kaen 40002, Thailand.N. VorasootDepartment of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon
Kaen 40002, Thailand.B. ToomsanDepartment of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon
Kaen 40002, Thailand.T. KesmalaDepartment of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon
Kaen 40002, Thailand.A. PatanothaiDepartment of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon
Kaen 40002, Thailand.C.C HolbrookCrop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia
31793, USA.Journal Article20121231mprovement of N2 fixation might be an effective strategy in peanut breeding for
high yield under drought stress conditions. However, under water limited conditions
peanut varieties having high water-use efficiency (WUE) are favorable. A pot
experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at Khon Kaen University,
Thailand during December 2002 to May 2003, and repeated during June 2003 to
November 2003. Twelve peanut genotypes were tested under three water regimes to
estimate the relationships between N2 fixed with biomass production, WUE and pod
yield under drought stress conditions. N2 fixed biomass production; pod yield and
WUE were reduced by drought stress. At 2/3 AW, Tifton-8 and KK 60-3 were the
best genotypes for high N2 fixed and high WUE. ICGV 98324 and ICGV 98300 had
high pod yield, whereas Tifton-8 had low pod yield. N2 fixed was positively
correlated with biomass and WUE under mild drought conditions but negatively
correlated with pod yield. Tifton-8 was the best genotype for N2 fixed and WUE, but
it was a poor performer for pod yield under drought conditions. ICGV 98324 and
ICGV 98300 had higher pod yield with lower N2 fixed and WUE than did Tifton-8.
Results indicated that N2 fixed under drought conditions contributed to vegetative
growth and water use efficiency rather than to pod yield. Improvement for high N2
fixed in peanut could lead to high biomass production and WUE but may not
necessarily improve pod yield under drought stress conditions.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_984_4d0347c5b2ef744868ea6d326c46ecea.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68147220121231Individual and interactive effects of crop type and management on weed and seed bank composition in an organic rotation24326898510.22069/ijpp.2012.985ENR. Sadrabadi HaghighiAgronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 91735-413,
Mashhad, Iran.N. CritchleyADAS UK Ltd, c/o Newcastle University, NEFG Offices, Nafferton Farm, Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43
7XD, UK.C. LeifertNafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Nafferton Farm, Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43
7XD, UK.M. EyreNafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Nafferton Farm, Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43
7XD, UK.J. CooperNafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Nafferton Farm, Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43
7XD, UK.Journal Article20121231We investigated the effects of organic and conventional pest and fertility
management on weed cover and the seed bank community in an organic rotation.
The study was conducted during the 4th and 5th years of an organic rotation on
part of a long term organic-conventional comparison trial. Results showed that
although crop type (potato vs. cabbage) in a single year significantly affected weed
functional group and cover of individual species, it did not change weed functional
group and composition in the seed bank in the following year. Five years of
organic crop protection management increased weed species that depend on
regeneration from seed and increased Ellenberg light, reaction and nitrogen values
and a seed bank persistence index in comparison with conventional crop protection
management. Three species (<em>Chenopodium album </em>L., <em>Poa </em>spp. L. and <em>Stellaria</em>
<em>media </em>(L.) Villars) that is important for biodiversity of arable fields were more
prevalent in organic protection plots. Fertility management had no significant
effects on weed seed bank composition and functional group. The additive effect of
organic practices on perennial ratio and competitor radius value was an important
finding. Organic fertility management and crop protection acted together to
increase these two aspects of the soil seed bank in comparison with other treatment
combinations and a similar effect was seen on <em>Poa </em>spp. L.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_985_a8f406b2c491eb138bd2817f69984a16.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68147220121231Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sugarcane productivity under semiarid tropical agro ecosystem in India26927898610.22069/ijpp.2012.986ENU. SurendranAgronomy Division, Research and Development Centre, EID Parrry (I) Ltd., Pettavaithalai, Tamil Nadu, India.D. VaniAgronomy Division, Research and Development Centre, EID Parrry (I) Ltd., Pettavaithalai, Tamil Nadu, India.Journal Article20121231Impact of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in sugarcane productivity was
assessed through a field experiment from plant and ratoon sugarcane in Tamil Nadu,
India. Control, 12.5 and 18.75 kg ha-1 of AMF along with 75% and 100% of
phosphorous application were triedas treatments. 18.75 kg ha-1 AMF applied plots
showed significant difference in germination percentage, tiller number, internode
thickness and ultimately in cane yield in both plant and ratoon crop comprising two
seasons. Quality parameters such as Pure Obtainable Cane Sugar and brix% of
sugarcane were also significantly improved with the application of AMF, compared
to control. The yield and post harvest soil fertility data showed that there is
considerable statistically significant difference between AMF applied plots and
control plots. These results suggest that the application of AMF will assist in
improving the profitability of the farmers through higher sugarcane productivity and
sustaining soil fertility. Besides, the quantity of phosphorus fertilizer application can
also be reduced by 25% and application of AMF as a biofertilizer to sugarcane is
good boon for millers since it has a direct impact on the quality of sugarcane juice.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_986_dae5955c408ed8589176ea474328da4d.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68147220121231The effect of season on the growth and maturation of bell peppers27929498710.22069/ijpp.2012.987ENCh. ThanopoulosLaboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera
Odos, 11855, Athens, Greece.K.A. AkoumianakisLaboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera
Odos, 11855, Athens, Greece.H.C. PassamLaboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera
Odos, 11855, Athens, Greece.Journal Article20121231Bell peppers grown in greenhouses in the Mediterranean region are frequently
subjected to high temperatures in summer and low temperatures in winter. The
present experiment was designed to quantify the effect of season on pepper fruit
growth, maturation and ripening. Three bell pepper (<em>Capsicum annuum </em>L.) cultivars
(Yolo Wonder, California Wonder and E84066) were cultivated in an unheated
greenhouse during summer and autumn. Fruit size, fresh weight and volume were
higher in the autumn due to increased fruit length and pericarp weight. However,
colour transition from green to red was significantly delayed in the autumn and the
vitamin C concentration was also lower than in the summer. Similarly, the internal
C2H4 concentration was lower at the mature red stage of the autumn-grown fruit than
in the summer, whereas the respiration rate and the internal CO2 concentration did
not differ. Irrespective of season, the internal C2H4 and CO2 concentrations correlated
with the number of seeds per fruit, suggesting that seed metabolism significantly
influenced the internal atmosphere of the fruit. Additionally, the number of seeds per
fruit in the autumn correlated with fresh fruit weight and volume, but not in the
summer. In conclusion, bell pepper fruits produced in the autumn were larger in size,
but lower in nutritional value (less vitamin C), while the effects of growth season on
the pepper fruit morphology and physiology closely related to the number of seeds
per fruit in autumn, but to a less extent in summer.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_987_2006ddd336d8c853905d2c79227f7d52.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68147220121231Effects of salinity and irrigation water management on soil and tomato in drip irrigation29531298810.22069/ijpp.2012.988ENM. NoshadiDepartment of Irrigation Engineering, Shiraz University, Iran.S. FahandejDepartment of Irrigation Engineering, Shiraz University, Iran.A.R. SepaskhahDepartment of Irrigation Engineering, Shiraz University, Iran.Journal Article20121231In this research, the effects of irrigation with saline and fresh water through drip
irrigation method and using two irrigation management strategies: M1, M2 (M1 is
irrigation with fresh water in alternative with saline water, M2 is saline water in first
half time of each irrigation event and fresh water in the second half), on the yield, water
productivity (WP), soil salinity, plant height and diameter, fruit water content, fruit
density, "L", "a" and "b" colorimetric factors, textures, strength, sodium, calcium and
nitrogen concentrations were investigated. The experiments were conducted in a
randomized completely block design as split plot with three replications in which
management strategies were the main plots and subplots were different levels of
salinity, 0.68, 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS/m (S0, S1, S2, S3, S4, respectively). Highest and lowest
yields were in M1S1 (59.12 t/ha) and M2S4 (18.81 t/ha) treatments, respectively. The
yield difference between M1 and M2 management strategies were significant at 5%
level of probability and the average yield of M2 was 24.20% less than the M1 treatment.
Applied irrigation water was decreased with increasing salinity levels because leaf area
and leaf transpiration was reduced. Therefore, water productivity was increased, so that
the highest water productivity was in the M1S4 treatment. To evaluate the use of saline
water on soil, ECe was measured in each plot at four layers in soil. Highest ECe was in
the S4 salinity level in both management strategies. Based on soil salinity and crop
yield, M1 and M2 management strategies were suitable at lower levels of salinities (0.68
and 2 dS/m) and salinities over 4 dS/m, respectively. Furthermore, M1 management
strategy, due to more efficient leaching in the surface layers of soil, was more
appropriate than M2 management strategy.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_988_426dc09cc9e78a12f02c73924a592063.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68147220121231Responses of agronomic components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) as influenced by deficit irrigation,
water salinity and planting method31334098910.22069/ijpp.2012.989ENA. ShabaniIrrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. of Iran.A.R. SepaskhahIrrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. of Iran.A.A Kamgar-HaghighiIrrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. of Iran.Journal Article20121231Shortage and salinity of irrigation water are two major constraints that influence
rapeseed production in arid and semi-arid regions of central and southern Iran. In this
study, effects of deficit irrigation with different salinity levels and planting methods
(in-furrow and on-ridge) as strategies for coping with water and salinity stresses on
yield and yield quality of rapeseed were investigated in a two-year experiment.
Irrigation treatments consisted of full irrigation (FI), 0.75 FI and 0.50 FI in first year
and FI, 0.65 FI and 0.35 FI in second year and salinity levels of irrigation water were
0.6 (well water), 4.0, 7.0 and 10.0 dS m-1 in first year and 0.6, 4.0, 8.0 and 12.0 dS m-1
in second year. In 0.75 FI and 0.5 FI irrigation treatments, seed yield reduced by 15.0
and 25.9%, respectively and in 0.65 FI and 0.35 FI it decreased by 20.8 and 33.0%
relative to FI, respectively. Planting in-furrow increased yield by 5.3 and 13.7%,
respectively, in first and second year (with frost occurrence in dormant period in
second year) relative to on-ridge planting. Deficit irrigation and salinity decreased
dry matter, plant height, seed oil content, oil and protein yields and 1000-seed weight
in both years. Results indicated that 11.0, 13.1 and 11.8% deficit irrigation (reduction
in applied irrigation water compared to full irrigation) could be imposed without loss
in seed yield, oil and protein yields of rapeseed, respectively. In-furrow planting
increased water use efficiency compared with on-ridge planting by 7.0 and 13.2% for
first and second year, respectively. Increase in salinity level at same conditions of
deficit irrigation and planting method decreased water use efficiency. Therefore,
deficit irrigation and in-furrow planting method strategies can be used to increase
water use efficiency in water scarce conditions.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_989_63a2463d335c9edcd20398a42a4c15b3.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68147220121231Immediate responses of cyst nematode, soil-borne pathogens and soybean yield to one-season crop
disturbance after continuous soybean in northeast China34135499010.22069/ijpp.2012.990ENQ.Y. ZhangKey Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, 150081,
Harbin, China.Z.L. LiKey Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, 150081,
Harbin, China.B.J. HanKey Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, 150081,
Harbin, China.K.Q. ZhoaKey Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, 150081,
Harbin, China.X.Y. ZhangKey Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, 150081,
Harbin, China.M. HashemiStockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.X.B. Liuey Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, 150081,
Harbin, China.Journal Article20121231Habitat disturbance affects numerous ecosystem components and processes, but
its effect on continuous soybean system is less available. Soybean was seeded
following six preceding crops, including grain soybean (<em>Glycine max </em>L. Merill.),
wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.), sugar beet (<em>Beta vulgaris </em>L.), tobacco (<em>Nicotiana</em>
<em>tabacum </em>L.), corn (<em>Zea mays </em>L.) and hemp (<em>Cannabis Satia </em>L.), on a Mollisol
farmland that had previously been cropped to continuous soybean for seven years
in Northeast China. Soybean after hemp reduced the number of second-stage
juveniles of soybean cyst nematode (J2) by 29.8% compared to continuous
soybean, while soybean after corn had the lowest J2 number. The number of soilborne
pathogens of <em>Fusarium</em>, <em>Rhizoctonia </em>and <em>Pythium </em>after corn and hemp and
root rot disease severity index after all crop disturbance, except sugar beet, were
significantly lower than continuous soybean. Soybean yield after hemp disturbance
was improved by 10.8%, while sugar beet disturbance had the greatest negative
impact on soybean yield. No differences were found among crop disturbance for
protein and oil content in soybean seed. Crop disturbance changed the habitat
already developed in the continuous soybean system. Adoption of hemp disturbance
has the potential to be an alternative approach in managing continuous soybean
production system in Northeast China.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_990_cca27c46c13c93f00b0137c165653f33.pdf