Gorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68144220120813Info0079910.22069/ijpp.2012.799ENJournal Article20120813https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_799_c1dcf0b29d13d45a1f93e7035354e0e9.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68144220120730Physio-biochemical attributes in two cultivars of mulberry (Morus alba L.) under NaHCO3 stress798668510.22069/ijpp.2012.685ENP. AhmadBiochemistry Laboratory, CRDT, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.S. SharmaBiochemistry Laboratory, CRDT, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.Journal Article20120730The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical changes that occur in mulberry<em> </em>(cv. local and Sujanpuri) plants under alkaline conditions in order to understand the response of these cultivars to alkalinity. Mulberry plants were subjected to different treatments using NaHCO3 and after 20, 40 and 60 days, different physiological and biochemical parameters were studied. Local cultivar was found to tolerate salt stress more than sujanpuri.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_685_71af83756c9578021fe96dfb152bec58.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68144220120730Induction and identification of polyploidy in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) medicinal plant by colchicine treatment879868610.22069/ijpp.2012.686ENR. OmidbaigiDepartment of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.M. MirzaeeDepartment of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.M.E. HassaniDepartment of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran.M. Sedghi MoghadamDepartment of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Guilan University, Guilan, Iran.Journal Article20120730Basil (<em>Ocimum</em> <em>basilicum</em>) is one of the important medicinal plant species. In order to produce an autotetraploid population of basil (<em>Ocimum</em> <em>basilicum)</em> by colchicine, different concentrations (0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50 and 0.75%) and four treatment methods were examined (seed, the growing point of seedlings at the emergence of cotyledone leaves stage and emergence of true two type leaves stage, and root treatment) to determine the best treatment for the induction of tetraploid plants. Autotetraploid plants were produced only by treatment of growing point of seedlings, at the emergence of cotyledone leaves stage, and treatment with 0.5% proved to be the most effective in producing autotetraploids. The induced tetraploids in basil was accompanied by larger stomata and pollen grains, increase in chloroplast number in guard cells and decrease in stomata density, compared to diploid control plants. In order to distinguish the induced colchicine tetraploid plants from the diploids, morphological changes and techniques as stomata size, number of chloroplasts per guard cell, pollen grain diameter and flow cytometry were considered and proved that these methods are suitable, quick and easy methods for identification the ploidy level of <em>Ocimum</em> <em>basilicum</em> in various stages of the plant development of these species and among this methods flow cytometry as found to be the most efficient method for detecting induced changes in ploidy level.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_686_c7c9b17ba2a4076e528246204d2caee7.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68144220120730Plasticity of leaf anatomy, chemistry and water economy of irrigated sugar beets grown under Mediterranean conditions9911468710.22069/ijpp.2012.687ENJ.T. TsialtasNAGREF, Cotton & Industrial Plants Institute, 574 00 Sindos, Hellas, Greece.T. MatsiAristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Soil Science, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Hellas, Greece.N. MaslarisHellenic Sugar Industry SA, Agronomic Research Service, 574 00 Sindos, Hellas, Greece.Journal Article20120730
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In a three-year (2004-2006), field experiment, we aimed to study changes in leaf physiological traits (leaf water potential-</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" lang="EL">Ψ</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">leaf</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, leaf water content-LWC, carbon isotope discrimination-</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" lang="EL">Δ</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, specific leaf area-SLA, chlorophyll content as assessed by SPAD and modified SPAD-MSPAD) and elemental composition (K, Na, Ca, Mg, K/Na, Ca/Mg, total leaf salinity-TLS) of sugar beets (cv. Rizor) grown under Mediterranean, irrigated conditions. Each year, soil moisture content (SMC) and leaf parameters were determined 11 times from early June to the end of October. Growing seasons differed as regards water inputs with 2004 being the driest and 2006 being the wettest. Leaf physiology and chemistry showed plasticity to water availability and significant differences were found between years (except for Ca), sampling time and their interaction. </span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" lang="EL">Ψ</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">leaf</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, LWC, </span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" lang="EL">Δ</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, SLA, K/Na and Ca/Mg were positively affected by SMC while the adverse was evident for chlorophyll content (SPAD and MSPAD), Na, Ca, Mg and TLS. As a Chenopodiaceae, sugar beet used leaf succulence, lowering SLA, to cope with water shortage and maintain LWC ca 90%. Low SLA was related with low </span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" lang="EL">Ψ</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">leaf</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" lang="EL">Δ</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> values. Succulent leaves were characterized by increased leaf salinity and chlorophyll accumulation, which was ascribed to increased Mg concentrations. Leaf salinity and mainly Na had a negative impact on </span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" lang="EL">Δ</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. Antagonistic effects of K on Na or Mg and synergistic effects of Na on Ca and Mg were recorded. </span>
<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">J.T. Tsialtas</span>https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_687_81dbac46ba82d612489aa617f7a278a4.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68144220120730Efficient protocol for break impasses of regeneration via callus for 20 genotypes of chickpea11512868810.22069/ijpp.2012.688ENH. Zare MirakabadDepartment of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.A.R. BagheriDepartment of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.M. Zare MehrjerdiDepartment of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.Journal Article20120730The results of studies on <em>in vitro</em> regeneration of chickpea (<em>Cicer arietinum </em>L.) have shown that indirect regeneration via callus was not successful. The introduction of an efficient and repeatable regeneration protocol is necessary for using transgenic technologies for the improvement of chickpea. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of indirect regeneration in various chickpea genotypes. In this experiment, cotyledonary node explants of 20 chickpea genotypes were cultured on 6 callus induction media and were sub-cultured on 6 shoot induction media with different combinations of phytohormons that are introduced in other literatures as best combination for regeneration. The results showed that reduction in experimental time and cost was possible by only transferring green calluses to other processes of culture. It seems that the results of this study and the suggested protocol could be used in genotypes as MCC426, MCC495, MCC496, MCC724, MCC741, MCC763, MCC764, MCC769, MCC775, MCC 779, MCC780, MCC798, MCC805 and MCC814 in suggestive media for genetic transformation and other projects where organogenesis via callus formation is necessary.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_688_b5be7f20ab60a66ac4541720786837fb.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68144220120730Genetic variability and relationship of pod and seed traits in Pongamia Pinnata (L.) Pierre., a potential agroforestry tree12914268910.22069/ijpp.2012.689ENB.N. DivakaraInstitute of Forest Productivity, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Lalgutwa 835 303, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.A.S. AlurGTCI, ICRISAT, Patancheru 502 324, A.P., India.S. TripatiGTCI, ICRISAT, Patancheru 502 324, A.P., India.Journal Article20120730Screening of twenty-four candidate plus trees from naturally available <em>Pongamia pinnata</em> genetic resources was carried out to elucidate the genetic variation and relationship of pod and seed traits on germination capacity to select the best planting material for higher productivity. The experiment conducted at Forest Research Centre, Institute of Forest Productivity Mandar, Ranchi during 2005-2006. Variability studies reveled that, genotype CPT-19 recorded maximum values for six traits viz. pod length (65.64 mm), 100-pod weight (542.35 g), 2D surface area (351.18 mm<sup>2</sup>), seed length (27.93 mm), 100-seed weight (202.89 g) and total oil content (44.33%). However, maximum pod thickness (12.72 mm), seed length (17.49 mm), pod-seed ratio (2.89) germination capacity (94.67%) was recorded by the genotype CPT-6. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations were also close to each other for all traits, but 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight exhibited higher phenotypic coefficients of variation and genotypic coefficients of variation than the other traits. Estimates of broad sense heritability ranged from 0.82 (for seed length) to 0.98 (for 100-pod weight), genetic advance as percent of the mean ranged between 12.30% and 46.04% with seed length giving the lowest value and 100-pod weight giving the highest value. Germination capacity exhibited positive significant correlation with pod width, 100-pod weight, 2D surface area and seed width at both genotypic and phenotypic level. However, pod length, pod thickness and 100-seed weight expressed positive significant correlation only at genotypic level. Path analysis of pod and seed traits revealed that, the 100-pod weight (0.909) is the most pronounced character contributing directly to germination capacity followed by seed length (0.785) and pod length (0.324). In conclusion, the results revealed the existence of substantial genetic variation, which can be utilized for genetic resources conservation in gene bank and further tree improvement programmers of the species.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_689_ee990d9396627d5cae98b782fc6ff667.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68144220120730Study of inter-generic hybridization possibility between Salix aegyptica and Populus caspica to achieve new hybrids14314869010.22069/ijpp.2012.690ENA. AhmadiGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.D. AzadfarGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.A. Jafari MofidabadiAgricultural Research and Education Organization, Iran.Journal Article20120730Hybrids as various resources have valuable importance in tree breeding. Today, improvement programs by using poplar and willows and their hybrids play basic role in supplying wood and decreasing pressure on natural forests. This research was carried out in order to study inter-generic hybridization possibility between <em>Salix aegyptica </em>and<em> Populus caspica</em> species from Salicaceae to achieve new hybrids. Embryo rescue technique was used in order to produce new inter-generic hybrids in salicaceae. The experiment was performed in factorial completely randomized design with 3 replication in embryo developmental stages and different media treatments. The analysis of data showed that inter-generic cross ability between <em>Salix aegyptica</em> and <em>Populus caspica </em>was possible and 14 day after pollination and MS medium containing 3 percent sucrose were the best time and medium for obtaining high amount of germinated hybrids.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_690_9ee26cd43839d5969f57da4a39873290.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-68144220120730Changes of edogenous hormone levels during short-day inductive floral initiation and inflorescence differentiation of Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Jingyun’14915869110.22069/ijpp.2012.691ENB.B. JiangKey laboratory of Flower Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.S.M. ChenKey laboratory of Flower Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.H.B. MiaoKey laboratory of Flower Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.Sh.M. ZhangKey laboratory of Flower Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.F.D. ChenKey laboratory of Flower Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.W.M. FangKey laboratory of Flower Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.Journal Article20120730Duration of various stages of inflorescence differentiation and hormone levels in apical buds eventually decide the harvest time, flower uniformity and quality of ornamental plants. The progress in inflorescence differentiation process in the chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Jingyun’ can be divided into nine stages. Following short day induction, it took 4d to reach the growing point hypertrophy stage, 8d to finish involucre primordia differentiation, 12d to finish floret primordia differentiation and 10d to finish crown formation. Under inducible conditions, the level of indole acetic acid (IAA) initially decreased, but maintained a relatively high level during the whole period of inflorescence differentiation. Both N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-adenosine (iPA) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased markedly during floral induction and floral initiation, peaking at the final involucre primordia differentiation stage. Thereafter, the iPA level remained high, while the ABA level decreased. A large decrease in the level of gibberellic acid (GA3) occurred during floral induction, but this recovered by the final floret primordia differentiation stage. In conclusion, various stages of inflorescence differentiation take different time-span, the floret primordia differentiation takes the longest time-span, while time-span for involucre primordia differentiation is shortest. Moreover, an appropriate amount of IAA appears to be necessary for inflorescence differentiation, and a stable GA3 and ABA level for crown formation. iPA plays a positive role both in floral induction and inflorescence differentiation.https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_691_65a522f9dd20e7b10ae168f61424e6cb.pdf