2024-03-29T05:55:17Z
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=532
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-6814
2017
11
4
INFO
2017
09
01
461
587
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3668_6e1e6c66f31988415d6f2c01141e3f9e.pdf
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-6814
2017
11
4
Root-shoot regulation and yield of mulched drip irrigated maize on sandy soil
L.
Zhou
Hao
Feng
Y.
Zhao
Zh.
Qi
T.
Zhang
B.
Si
Sandy fields have been reclaimed to exploit the grain production potential in northwestChina. A 2-year statistically replicated field study was conducted to determine the effects ofmulched drip irrigation on soil water, soil nitrate, shoot root growth and yields of maize on asandy field in the Hetao irrigation district. Treatments included border irrigation (BI), fullymulched drip irrigation (FMDI) and partially mulched drip irrigation (PMDI). Low frequencyfertigation and high frequency fertigation were applied in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Theresults showed that high frequency mulched drip irrigation (MDI) maintained soil moisture andNO3--N at suitable levels and improved soil water uniformity (Cus). Soil NO3--N was adequatefor the FMDI treatment of both high and low frequency fertigations, but it was insufficient forthe PMDI treatment under low frequency fertigation. Soil water and Cus regulated root-shootvia leaf areas and surface root areas were described well by the ratio of root surface area to leafarea (Sr/l). Higher Cus tended to cause a lower Sr/l. Compared with the BI treatment, a higheryield and harvest index (HI) was obtained under the MDI treatments primarily due to the highnumber of grains per spike. The FMDI and PMDI treatments resulted in no yield differencesunder high frequency fertigation. Therefore, high frequency PMDI management with irrigationamounts based on the reference evapotranspiration after the jointing stage were recommended inthe sandy maize field based on economic considerations. Under low frequency fertigation, theFMDI treatment was recommended for a higher yield, which was attributable to the higher drymatter of the vegetative organs and maintaining higher levels of soil NO3--N in the upper sandlayer when compared to the PMDI treatment.
Soil water uniformity
Harvest index
Mulched drip irrigation
Shoot-root regulation
Sand-layered soil
2017
09
01
461
476
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3711_b62fc264634073c0e3d96fa6f4fc6df2.pdf
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-6814
2017
11
4
Response of barley quality traits, yield and antioxidant enzymes to water-stress and chemical inducers
E.M.
Hafez
M.F.
Seleiman
Two field experiments were carried out in order to investigate the effect of chemicalinducers [benzothiadiazole 0.9 mM l-1, oxalic acid 1.0 mM l-1, salicylic acid 0.2 mM l-1] onphysiological and technological traits as well as on yields and antioxidant enzyme activities ofbarley grown under abiotic stress (i.e. water surplus and deficit conditions). Results showed thatrelative water content, leaf area, chlorophyll and yield as well as technological properties ofbarley were improved with chemical inducers application under water surplus and water-stressconditions. Antioxidant enzymes activity (i.e. catalase and peroxidase) were significantlyincreased in barley grown under water-stress and treated with chemical inducers. Yield andrelated parameters of barley presented also significant decrease under water-stress treatment,while chemical inducers application enhanced the yield-related traits. Starch and proteincontents were higher in plants treated with salicylic acid than in untreated plants when waterstress was applied. In conclusion, results show that chemical inducers application have apositive interaction and synergetic influence and should be suggested to improve plant growth,yield and technological properties of water stressed barley. Salicylic acid application was betterthan oxalic acid and benzothiadiazole in terms of plant growth and yield improvement.
Hordeum vulgare L
Drought stress
Yield
quality
Antioxidant enzymes
2017
09
01
477
490
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3712_7df9f80c2354a43f47c8258e36837c19.pdf
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-6814
2017
11
4
Soaking seeds with paclobutrazol enhances winter survival and yield of rapeseed in a rice-rapeseed relay cropping system
S.
Anwar
J.
Kuai
Sh.
Khan
A.
Kausar
Sh.
Fahad
Guangsheng
Zhou
Rice-rapeseed relay cropping is an effective way to use winter fallow fields and increaseland use efficiency. However, the overlapping period of 10–15 days for rice-rapeseedcultivation results in reduced winter survival and less yields. Therefore, in this study, weinvestigated if the treatment of oil rape seeds with paclobutrazol (PAC) improves its winterhardiness and yields by altering its crop morphology. First, a pot experiment was conducted todetermine the appropriate PAC concentration to soak seeds upon seedling growth and thegermination rate. Another pot trial was performed to check the responses of different rapeseedcultivars to the proposed treatment. Rapeseed was cultivated in no-tillage rice fields at anexperimental site in Wuhan from 2009 to 2011. In the absence of PAC treatment, rapeseed sownin pots and rice fields showed excessive elongation of the crown, which resulted in low yieldsand yield-related traits at maturity. Soaking seeds in PAC improved seedling growth, seedlingsurvival and crown diameter, but decreased the crown length during winter. The most effectiveconcentration of PAC was 4 mg/L and higher concentrations significantly reduced seedgermination rates. Our results demonstrated that rapeseed sown in rice fields after the seeds hadbeen soaked with PAC improved seedling quality at the wintering stage and yield at maturity.
Brassica napus
Relay cropping
No-tillage rice field
PAC
Yield improvement
2017
09
01
491
504
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3713_88346d2bb150fa65f92c318df1e4cc85.pdf
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-6814
2017
11
4
Alleviation of drought stress effects on red bean by ultrasonication and foliar application of 24-epi-brassinolid
A.
Younesian
M.
Gholipoor
H.
Ajam Norouzi
The two-location field experiment was conducted to study the possible alleviation of droughtstress effects on red bean by ultrasonication and 24-epi-brassinolid. Locations were AgriculturalResearch Center in Shahrood, Iran and the other in bean farm, 40 km off Shahrood city in 2015.Experiment factors included irrigation of main plots at three levels of normal irrigation (60 mmevaporation from evaporation pan), mild stress (90 mm evaporation from evaporation pan) andsevere stress (120 mm evaporation from evaporation pan). Stress levels were applied after 4-leafstage and ultrasound waves treatments (in two levels of nonuse of seeds irradiation and use ofirradiation for 3 minutes at 32 °C) and 24-epi- brassinolid foliar application (in two levels ofnonuse of foliar application and foliar application at a rate of 0.1 mg/L at 50% flowering duringtwo stages) which were located in sub-plots. The evaluated properties included grain yield andcontents of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, proline and ascorbate. The resultsshowed that with severe water stress (comparison of severe stress and lack of stress), grain yieldshowed a significant decrease in both experiment sites, however 24-epi-brassinolid foliarapplication and use of ultrasonic waves in both normal and stress conditions increased the grainyield. The same condition was established for evaluated enzymes. Thus it could be stated thatirradiation of ultrasonic waves and 24-epi-brassinolid foliar application for cultivating beansplay important role in increment of competitive strength of plant in water deficit condition.
Irradiation
catalase
Superoxide dismutase
Ascorbat
Proline
Proxidase
2017
09
01
505
514
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3714_b352479b1a3228fb8d67860799562eac.pdf
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-6814
2017
11
4
Standardization of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) method of water management in low land rice (Oryza sativa (L.))
K.
Mote
V.
Praveen Rao
V.
Ramulu
K.
Avil Kumar
M.
Uma Devi
Alternate wettting and drying (AWD) systems save water compared with continuoussubmergence (CS) irrigation. However, the reported effect on yield varies widely and detailedcharacterizations of the hydrological conditions of AWD experiments are often lacking so thatgeneralizations are difficult to make. We compared the effects of AWD and CS on crop andwater productivity in rice in the field experimentations in India. The experiment was conductedin irrigated lowlands and followed AWD practices by using field water tube. Crop and waterproductivity was significantly differed between AWD and CS of irrigation. The average grainyield was 5.8–7.4 t ha-1 with AWD irrigation methods and 7.5–7.6 t ha-1 with CS. The pooledvalues of irrigation water applied, effective rainfall and seasonal volume of water input variedfrom 1390, 216 and 1646 mm, respectively under CS and 708 to 1142 mm, 238 to 300 mm and1048 to 1420 mm, respectively under AWD irrigation regimes. Irrigation water applied in AWDirrigation regimes amounted to 50.9 to 82.1% of CS (1390 mm), averaged over two seasons, thecrop in different AWD irrigation regimes used water 63.6 to 86.2% of the CS (1646 mm)suggesting that the AWD practice enabled water saving of 13.8 to 36.4% in different treatments.Therefore, in view of considerable water saving (26.6 to 35.0%) and higher water productivitythe AWD method of water management is the best practice to meet the cope of water scarcity inlowland rice production.
Alternate wetting and drying
Lowland rice
Field water tube
2017
09
01
515
532
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3715_139e301b264629a7be0fdef65a5a1f56.pdf
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-6814
2017
11
4
Variations in sugarcane yield among farmers’ fields and their causal factors in Northeast Thailand
P.
Hongthong
A.
Patanothai
Information on variations in crop yield among farmer fields in a specific area and theircausal factors is important for efficiently targeting efforts to increase production of the crop inthe target area. This study determined the yield variations and their causal factors for sugarcanegrown in the service area of a sugar mill in Northeast Thailand. Two villages with the dominantsandy and clayey soil types in the area were selected as the study sites. A questionnaire wasused to collect information on management practices and crop yields for the individual fields inthe 2012/2013 and 2014/2015 cropping seasons for 369 fields, of which 134 were planted cropand 235 were ratoon crop. A stepwise multiple regression was used in determining thesignificant factors influencing yields and their order of importance. The results show greatvariations of sugarcane yields among farmers’ fields in all crop classes, locations and years.However, their significant causal factors differed among crop classes, locations and years. Thenumber of weedings was the most frequent yield constraint identified, followed by pre-harvestburning, number of fertilizer applications and land type. Soil type, diseases and insects, cultivarand frequency of irrigation were sporadically significant. Yield influencing factors in fields atdifferent yield levels also varied, indicating the need for targeting improved management onindividual fields. A participatory approach is suggested in the design and implementation ofcultural managements for improving sugarcane yield of the individual fields.
Yield Gap
Yield constraints
Sugarcane production
Sugarcane cultivation
2017
09
01
533
548
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3716_d29ebd6c3a6946f3419a17fdbd3034d5.pdf
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-6814
2017
11
4
The impact of terminal heat stress on yield and heat tolerance of bread wheat
A.
Moshatati
S.A.
Siadat
Kh.
Alami-Saeid
A.M.
Bakhshandeh
M.R.
Jalal-Kamali
In arid and semi-arid regions of the world bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield is highlylimited due to late season heat stress, mostly occurring during the reproductive phase. Hence thecurrent study was conducted to evaluate the effect of late season heat stress on grain yield andyield components of 20 spring bread wheat cultivars. For this purpose, a stripe block experimentincluding four sowing dates (6th of November, 6th of December, 5th of January and 4th ofFebruary) as vertical plots and 20 cultivars in horizontal plots was implemented with threereplicates in North-East of Ahwaz, Khuzestan, Iran during 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growingseasons. The results indicated that the main effect of year, sowing date, cultivar and interactionbetween sowing date and cultivar were significant for all studied traits. However, no significantinteraction was found between year and other factors. Comparison of means showed that grainyield in the second year was higher than the first year. The maximum and minimum values(6.048 ton ha-1 and 1.754 ton ha-1) were obtained when seed sowing was performed on 6th ofNovember and 4th of February, respectively. The maximum grain yield (5.019 ton ha-1) wasrelated to Atila cultivar whereas the minimum yield (3.662 ton ha-1) was obtained from Inia 66cultivar. In general, the maximum and minimum grain yields were produced by Atila cultivarsown on 6th of December and Seri82 and Roshan sown on 4th of February, respectively. Theresults suggest that Arvand, Vee/Nac, Atila and Baiat cultivars as heat tolerant cultivars andRoshan, Hamoon, Seri82, Star, Inia66 and Darab2 as susceptible cultivars may be used in heattolerance studies.
Wheat
Terminal heat stress
Cultivar and grain yield
2017
09
01
549
560
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3717_3671fae1faabc84cb17f3c1eb48016c3.pdf
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-6814
2017
11
4
Physical rice grain quality as affected by biophysical factors and pre-harvest practices
D.L.
Mapiemfu
S.A.
Ndindeng
Z.
Ambang
E.N.
Tang
F.
Ngome
J.M.
Johnson
A.
Tanaka
K.
Saito
Varietal purity and proportions of grains with brown spots, fissured grains, chalky grains andwhole grains in a rice sample are important grain quality attributes influencing consumers'preference and price but little information exist on how these grain quality attributes are affectedby biophysical factors and pre-harvest practices. Several authors have studied in isolation theeffect of biophysical factors and pre-harvest practices on rice grain quality but most of thesestudies neither looked at these within the context of agro-ecological zones nor productionsystems. The effects of agro-ecological zone (AEZ) (highlands, sub-humid, humid andsemi-arid), production system (irrigated lowland, rain-fed lowland and rain-fed upland) andpre-harvest practices on grain quality attributes were investigated in 5 African countries usingdata collected through on-farm survey. The rice samples were generally characterized by lowvarietal purity, high proportion of brown spots, fissured and chalky grains and a low proportionof whole grains. Also, they had large variations across and within AEZs and productionsystems. AEZs and crop establishment method affected varietal purity. AEZ, production systemaffected chalkiness. AEZ and type of variety influenced percentage of grains with fissures.Percentage of whole grains were affected by AEZ, production system and weeding frequency.While grain quality attributes were strongly affected by biophysical factors, there is also roomfor improving grain quality through good pre-harvest practices.
Agro-ecological zone
Oryza spp
Production systems
Varietal purity
Brown spot
Chalkiness
Fissures
Whole grains
Africa
2017
09
01
561
576
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3718_3e1233f267b81d6e2593e2b00dd933c6.pdf
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-6814
2017
11
4
Strip tillage and sowing: is precision planting indispensable in silage maize?
P.
Benincasa
A.
Zorzi
F.
Panella
G.
Tosti
M.
Trevini
This work was aimed at assessing whether in silage maize it is possible to replace precisionplanting with a volumetric seeding in the perspective of developing hybrid machines to strip tilland sow both high density crops like winter cereals and low density crops like maize. This inorder to reduce the number of machines in the farm, simplify logistics and reduce amortizationcosts. Two experiments were carried out in 2014 and 2015. In the first year, two tillage-sowingtreatments were compared in a randomized block design with 5 replicates: 1) strip-tillage plusvolumetric band (0.1 m wide) seeding (ST-VBS) carried out by a Claydon Hybrid 6M at interaxle spacing of 0.6 m and with 35 kg ha-1 of seeds; 2) no-tillage plus precision line planting(NT-PLP) carried out by a sod drill Kinze 3100 at row distance of 0.71 m. In the second year,the same two treatments of 2014 were applied, but a third tillage-sowing treatment was alsoincluded: strip tillage plus precision line planting (ST-PLP) carried out by a strip tiller KhunStriger at inter axle spacing of 0.71 m plus the Kinze 3100, respectively, in two passages.In 2015, a randomized block design with 3 replicates was adopted. Both in 2014 and 2015treatments did not differ significantly for actual seeding density and final plant density,individual plant growth indices (plant height, stem diameter, FW, DW) at early stem elongation,flowering and final harvest, neither for total FW and DW yield, nor for biomass composition(starch, protein, lipids, fibre and ash concentrations) at harvest. Results demonstrate that a silagemaize crop can perform successfully when established by strip tillage associated withvolumetric band seeding. If similar results are demonstrated for high density crops, this willsupport the strategy of developing hybrid machines to strip till and sow both high density cropsand silage maize, which is relevant for many farming systems devoted to forage and biomassproduction for agro-energy purposes.
Conservation tillage
Seedbed
Seeder
Hybrid machine
2017
09
01
577
588
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3719_437834fc2d413c1a364b4673cb01fa97.pdf