@article { author = {Tassawar, H. and Iftikhar, A. K. and Zulfiqar, A.}, title = {Study on gene action and combining abilities for thermotolerant ablilities of corn (Zea mays L.)}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2012.520}, abstract = {High temperature reduces the pollen viability and silk receptivity of corn resulting in poor seed set and reduced yield. Continuously increasing temperature and less frequency and distribution of rainfall coupled with usual canal–closure particularly in Pakistan have significantly been decreasing the grain yield. This problem could be overcome by developing heat tolerant maize hybrids. For this purpose, five heat tolerant (lines), five heat susceptible (lines) and four heat susceptible (testers) corn inbred lines were hybridized artificially in a line × tester mating design. The 40 hybrids and 14 parents were evaluated for heat tolerance under moderate temperature field conditions (by sowing on March 31) using  triplicated randomized complete block design during spring 2004. Large differences in heat units (111 to 326) utilized by the parents and crosses under normal and moderate temperature conditions to mature physiologically suggested that inbred lines as well as crosses were photosensitive as they were not utilizing similar thermal units in both the environments. Highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were observed among 54 corn genotypes, 14 parents,  40 crosses, parent vs crosses and interaction term of lines × tester (L × T) for 14 maize plant traits. The inbred lines L1, L2, L3, L5 (lines), T1, T3 (testers) and hybrids L1×T3, L2×T4, L3×T3 and L5×T1 were proved to be the excellent combiners with high GCA and SCA effects respectively, for most of the traits. The dominance type of gene action was observed to be predominant for all the traits. The proportional contribution of lines was more for seven very crucial parameters. The estimates of heritability in broad sense were high for all the traits. Hybrid breeding is suggested as hybrid plants have higher capacity to tolerate heat stress in field conditions than their parents.}, keywords = {corn,heat tolerance,Combining ability,Heritability,line × tester analysis,Genotype × environment interaction}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_520.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_520_833b560293277d63ad01b1e1ee16c1cc.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmadikhah, A. and Karlov, G.I. and Nematzadeh, Gh. and Ghasemi Bezdi, K.}, title = {Inheritance of the fertility restoration and genotyping of rice lines at the restoring fertility (Rf) loci using molecular markers}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {13-21}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2012.521}, abstract = {The combination of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in one parent and a restorer gene (Rf) to restore fertility in another are indispensable for the development of hybrid varieties. To genotype rice lines at the restoring fertility (Rf) loci, 38 lines were crossed with a sterile tester (rfrf) line. Pollen fertility test was performed to identify sterile and fertile F1 hybrids. Seven lines were identified as restorer lines. Then these F1 hybrids were self-pollinated to obtain F2 seeds, and at flowering stage pollen fertility test was performed to identify sterile and fertile individuals. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) in F2 showed that fertility in rice WA system is controlled by more than two loci, one on the short arm of chromosome 1, one on the short arm of chromosome 10, one on the long arm of chromosome 10 and an unknown Rf gene in the rice genome. Results also show that lines IR28, Amol1 and Amol2 carry Rf4 gene linked with SSR marker RM171 on the long arm of chromosome 10, lines IR36 and IR60966 carry Rf3 gene linked with SSR marker RM1 on the short arm of chromosome 1, line IR62030 carries Rf5 gene on the short arm of chromosome 10, and finally line IR24 carries Rf4 gene on the long arm of chromosome 10 and an unknown Rf gene, respectively. The results suggested the use of the method deployed here to identify restorer lines and also allelic location of fertility restoration genes in rice lines.}, keywords = {molecular markers,Rf Genes,Rice}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_521.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_521_56ee1e3bc34b4daa346fb4d25e89ec26.pdf} } @article { author = {Bagherieh-Najjar, M.B. and Navabpour, S. and Hille, J. and Dijkwel, P.P.}, title = {Isolation and molecular characterization of the RecQsim gene in Arabidopsis, rice (Oryza sativa) and rape (Brassica napus)}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {23-33}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2012.522}, abstract = {In any organism that reproduces sexually, DNA Recombination plays vital roles in the generation of allelic diversity as well as in preservation of genome fidelity. Genome fidelity is particularly important in plants because mutations occurring during the development of flowering plants are heritable and can be passed onto the next generation. One of the gene families that play crucial roles in the regulation of DNA recombination and repair is the RecQ family of DNA helicases. In flowering plants, RecQ family members have only been characterized in Arabidopsis. Among all RecQ family members, the Arabidopsis RecQsim is distinct in that there is a substantial insertion (of around 100 amino acids) inside its helicase domain. We previously showed that this novel RecQ homologue is expressed in various organs of Arabidopsis and rice. We also showed that the Arabidopsis RecQsim gene when ectopically expressed in yeast RecQ deficient (sgs1) cells, can partially compensate for the absence of SGS1. Here, we perform an evolutionary analysis of RecQsim orthologues isolated from rice and rape together with other known plant RecQ family members. Furthermore, isolation and molecular characterization of two Arabidopsis recQsim knockout mutants is explained. The position of T-DNA integration suggests that the recQsim-1 is likely to be a real knockout while recQsim-2 is expected to be a knockdown mutant. Segregation analysis of the T-DNA selectable marker together with Southern hybridization revealed that in both isolated mutant lines a single copy of the T-DNA is inserted into the genome. Analysis of these mutant lines will provide evidence on the roles that RecQsim plays in DNA recombination and the regulation of leaf senescence in plants and may open new insights into how plants respond to various environmental challenges.}, keywords = {Arabidopsis,Brassica,DNA recombination,RecQ,Rice}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_522.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_522_2443640ea712c19cf2785f70a3bb30e9.pdf} } @article { author = {Navabpour, S. and Bagherieh-Najjar, M. B. and Soltanloo, H.}, title = {Identification of novel genes expressed in Brassica napus during leaf senescence and in response to oxidative stress}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {35-44}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2012.523}, abstract = {Senescence is a genetically regulated oxidative process that involves a general degradation of cellular structures and enzymes and the mobilization of the products of degradation to other parts of the plant. The cDNA-AFLP (cDNA-Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis has been used under stringent PCR conditions afforded by ligation of adapters to restriction fragments, and the use of specific primer sets. It was of interest to analyse the proportion of senescence-enhanced genes in Brassica napus (CV Falcon) that do respond to different stress signals and to determine whether other known stress response genes are also expressed during leaf senescence or in response to treatments that increase ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). The cDNA-AFLP technique uses the standard AFLP protocol on a cDNA template. Total RNA was extracted from mature leaves treated with Ascorbic Acid (As-A), silver nitrate (AgNO3), UV-B irradiation, combined treatment (As-A/AgN03), (As-A/UV-B) as well as untreated control and senescence stage3 (S3). The first and double-stranded cDNAs were synthesised by PCR amplification. The result shows the expression pattern for 30 genes that were identified on the original cDNA-AFLP gel. Each gene that was identified as a band on the cDNA-AFLP gel and successfully cloned was characterised by both sequencing and expression analysis using hybridisation technique. The clone6 has high similarity to a DNA-binding protein that acts as a transcription factor and can be an important component of signalling pathways. This gene exhibits a senescence-enhanced expression and is highly induced by UV-B but not by AgNO3. The northern hybridisation results for this gene in different organs showed high expression in flowers, pod and senescing leaves and no expression in green leaves and roots. The combined treatments had large effect on the expression of clone9. The expression pattern for this gene showed high transcript level in roots and flowers, low level in early senescing leaves and no expression in pod, mature leaves and late senescing leaves.}, keywords = {Brassica napus,cDNA-AFLP,Gene expression,Oxidative stress}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_523.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_523_8f3b8d16dfb2a333bdebb4a6dd5357a8.pdf} } @article { author = {Pahlavani, M. H. and Razavi, S. E. and Mirizadeh, I. and Vakilia, S.}, title = {Field screening of safflower genotypes for resistance to charcoal rot disease}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {45-52}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2012.524}, abstract = {Nineteen safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.) that originated from different geographical regions were screening for their response to infection with Macrophomina phaseolina, the charcoal rot pathogen at the research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran, in 2005. The plants were evaluated for length and width of necrotic lesion at the entry point of inoculum at flowering (LNF and WNF, respectively) and maturity stages (LNM and WNM, respectively), and penetration depth of necrosis in the stem (PDN). Some morphological characteristics including plant height, number of days to maturity, diameter of lower stem (DLS), diameter of vascular bundle (DVS) and relative water content of lower stems (SRWC) were also measured. Analysis of disease symptoms by clustering method revealed that there were four moderately resistance, ten susceptible and five moderately susceptible genotypes. However, no completely resistant genotype was found. DLS had a positive and significant correlation with all disease related traits including LNF, WNF, LNM, WNM and PDN. Therefore, this trait may be used as an index for indirect selection of resistant genotypes in safflower. The moderately resistant genotypes IUT-K115, GUA-Val6, CW-74 and AC-Stirling can be used in breeding programs to improve resistant safflower genotypes.}, keywords = {Charcoal rot,Macrophomina phaseolina,Resistance,safflower}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_524.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_524_42817a8eb7c01ad2827903a4aef70bd7.pdf} } @article { author = {Fallahi, E.}, title = {Influence of 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine hydrochloride and α-naphthalene acetic acid on fruit retention, quality, evolved ethylene, and respiration in apples}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {53-61}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2012.525}, abstract = {Effects of 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine hydrochloride (AVG or Aviglycine HCl or ReTain) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on fruit retention, fruit quality, eveloved ethylene, and respiration in ‘Rome Beauty’ and three ‘Delicious’ apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) were studied.  The experimental trees were treated with either AVG, applied at 120 g a.i. per 935 L. ha-1 or NAA, applied at the rate of 10 ppm at 1870 L. ha-1.   The AVG treatment was applied four weeks before anticipated harvest date while the NAA treatment was applied 7 days before harvest. In both 'Delicious' and 'Rome' apples, application of AVG maintained fruit retention and firmness but reduced starch hydrolysis, ethylene evolution, and respiration as compared to the NAA treatment.  In the later harvests, fruit weights in NAA-treated trees were slightly higher than those treated with AVG.  Fruit retention, maturity and quality differences between AVG and NAA treatments were more pronounced as the time past from the commercial harvest dates.  Based on this study, application of AVG is more effective than NAA in preventing fruit drop and delaying fruit maturity and thus storage life of apples.}, keywords = {Apple post harvest physiology,AVG,Fruit drop,NAA,Storage life}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_525.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_525_f409160a1826b8718868ae83199ede42.pdf} } @article { author = {Akram-Ghaderi, F. and Soltani, A.}, title = {Leaf area relationships to plant vegetative characteristics in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown in a temperate sub-humid environment}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {63-71}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2012.526}, abstract = {Measurement or estimation of leaf area is essential for understanding crop responses to experimental treatments. The objective of this study was to develop regression models for estimating leaf area of field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) from measurements of leaf dry weight (LDW), vegetative components (stems and leaves) dry weight (VDW) and plant height (PH). Three cotton cultivars (Deltapine 25, Sahel and Siokra 324) with different leaf morphologies were grown under varying growth conditions created by four different planting dates in a temperate sub-humid environment (Gorgan, Iran). Leaf area, LDW, VDW and PH were measured at one month after emergence, squaring, flowering, bolling, boll opening and second harvest. Data set for validation was collected during growing season of 2003 in different experiments. Measured leaf area ranged from 170 to 8167 cm2 plant -1. Different regression models were examined for describing leaf area relationships to LDW, VDW and PH. It was found that the power function gives the best fit in terms of R2 and root mean square of error (RMSE). Cultivar differences were not significant and a general equation was adequate for all the three cultivars. LDW and VDW provided good estimation of leaf area. However, PH was not a good predictor of leaf area. It was concluded that cotton leaf area can be estimated or simulated as a function of LDW or VDW with reasonable accuracy.}, keywords = {Leaf area index,Power function,Leaf dry weight,Plant height,Cotton cultivars}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_526.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_526_2ac0e8c7ad2b0384e0fb30532ea3129c.pdf} } @article { author = {Singh, D.K. and Rajput, T.B.S.}, title = {Response of lateral placement depths of subsurface drip irrigation on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {73-84}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2012.527}, abstract = {Subsurface drip irrigation is defined as application of water below the soil surface through emitters, with discharge rates generally in the same range as surface drip irrigation. It has many advantages over surface drip. To see the response of subsurface drip irrigation on okra yield, a study was conducted at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India during 2003 and 2004. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) crop was cultivated in three sub-plots with four treatments of drip lateral depths viz. on the surface, and at depths of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 m below the soil surface. Laterals used for three sub-plots were inline drip laterals having discharge rate of 2.03 ´ 10-6, 1.53 ´ 10-6 and 1.22 ´ 10-6 m3 s-1 per meter length. Crop was irrigated as per irrigation schedule to fulfill its water requirement. The observations were recorded on growth parameter, soil moisture content and yield of crop. The study indicated that soil moisture content under subsurface drip irrigation was more uniform as compared with surface drip. It was found that plant height, yield and water use efficiency of okra increased due to subsurface placement of laterals. The maximum increased okra yield was found to be 5.22, 13.48 and 11.56 % under 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 m depths of lateral placement, respectively, as compared to that under surface drip. On the basis of the study, it was recommended that laterals of subsurface drip irrigation should be placed between 0.10 to 0.15 m depths below soil surface for higher okra yield.}, keywords = {Subsurface drip irrigation,Placement depths of laterals,Soil moisture content,Okra yield,Water use efficiency}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_527.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_527_9d4bb8ca8557115ef6813547f59d04b1.pdf} } @article { author = {G. Oguntunde, Philip}, title = {Water use pattern and canopy processes of cashew trees during a drying period in West Africagoo}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {85-98}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2012.528}, abstract = {      Water flux in a young, 4-year old, cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) plantation was studied over a dry season, from November 2001 to March 2002, in the forest-savannah transition zone of Ghana, West Africa. The temperature-difference method was used over this five-month period to quantify the diurnal and day-to-day whole-tree sap flow (Qt) and hence the canopy scale transpiration (Ec). Measured allometric data were used to convert sap flow to canopy transpiration, while the observed meteorological variables were used to derive canopy scale conductance (gc) by inverting the Penman-Monteith equation. Sap flow varied between 9 and 22 kg day-1 and was on average Qt = 14 kg day-1 for the entire period. Tree sap flow was closely dependent on solar radiation and less dependent on air vapour deficit. Using no time shift, sap flow was fitted to a simple equation that showed its parabolic response to global radiation. The estimated average diurnal pattern of gc ranged from 0.1 to 2.2 mm   s-1 while aerodynamic conductance (ga) ranged from 21.9 to 49.3 mm s-1. This result is expected to be of value in the analysis of atmospheric control of canopy transpiration in orchards in West Africa.}, keywords = {Sap flow,Water use,Cashew trees,Stomata conductance,Aerodynamic conductance,West Africa}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_528.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_528_4a02ed89cb0390c54bb9d5fa7e6a1868.pdf} } @article { author = {Khormali, F. and Ayoubi, Sh. and Kananro Foomani, F. and Fatemi, A.}, title = {Tea yield and soil properties as affected by slope position and aspect in Lahijan area, Iran}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {99-111}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2012.529}, abstract = {Soil genesis, physico-chemical properties and tea yield were investigated along different hillslope positions in the major tea cultivation area of Iran, i.e. Lahijan, Gilan Province. Land suitability was also determined for the tea production in this hilly region. Four different slope positions i.e., summit, shoulder, backslope and toeslope were sampled on three slope aspects following the profile description. Tea leaf was also sampled in those positions as an index of tea yield. The results of the soil genesis studies presented a catenary evolution in which the well developed Cambisols (Hapludepts) were formed mainly on summit positions and non-developed Regosols (Udorthents) were formed on less stable segments of shoulder and backslope. In toeslope, where the groundwater saturates the soil profile, hydromorphic properties were dominant and Gleysols (Endoaquepts) were formed. Some soil physico-chemical and morphological properties such as solum thickness, thickness of the epipedons, clay content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbonate, and exchangeable magnesium were significantly different on different slope positions in the near surface layers. However the differences were not reflected in the tea yield. Land suitability evaluation in different landforms in the three aspects showed that the soils were marginally suitable and non-suitable for tea production. The most limiting factors were climatic factors especially the mean minimum temperature during the coldest month of the year. Shoulder and backslope positions showed the lowest suitability due to higher slope gradient and lower organic carbon and soil depth. Tea yield as determined by leaf dry weight showed no significant differences in different slope positions. Moreover, different aspects had also a non-significant role regarding the soil properties and tea production. It is believed that in this humid region the effects of slope aspect and position are rather annihilated due to the uniform density of the vegetation and soil moisture.}, keywords = {Tea cultivation,Slope positions,Aspect,Soil property}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_529.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_529_e43eaf50b6a9760003636a79b6b930fe.pdf} }