@article { author = {}, title = {INFO}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2014.1718}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1718.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1718_16090b6b02779d162ec58bc03c8c2de4.pdf} } @article { author = {Moura, E.G. and Marques, E.S. and Silva, T.M.B. and Piedade, A.R. and Aguiar, A.C.F.}, title = {Interactions among leguminous trees, crops and weeds in a no-till alley cropping system}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {441-456}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2014.1719}, abstract = {Trees improve the soil quality and their rapid growth in the tropics make agroforestry systems potentially effective for establishing low-input agricultural systems in this region. This study assessed the effects of the biophysical interactions among leguminous trees, weeds, cotton and maize in an alley cropping system. The experiment comprised six treatments: Clitoria + Gliricidia; Acacia + Gliricidia; Leucaena + Clitoria; Leucaena + Acacia; Leucaena + Gliricidia and Control and four replicates in randomised blocks. Cotton and maize were sown among the legumes. We analysed Ca, Mg, K, P and potential acidity and we measured the pH using CaCl2 in the soil. Weeds were collected from within a square 0.5 m on a side in the cotton area. The application of the residues affected only the levels of Ca and Mg of the soil. The residues did not produce any differences in the density and richness of the weed species. The sensitivity of some crops to the allelopathic effects induced by the tree residues is evident mainly in root growth, in nutrient uptake and in the growth of the shoot. The results presented here support the view that the criteria for the choice of tree species for agroforestry systems must go well beyond the potential to enhance soil fertility to obtain the best results from agroforestry systems. Keywords: Allelopathy; Cotton; Leguminous residue; Maize; Weed.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1719.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1719_3de34834108cef844800c6fc10334a2d.pdf} } @article { author = {Abi Saab, M.T. and Albrizio, R. and Nangia, V. and Karam, F. and Rouphael, Y.}, title = {Developing scenarios to assess sunflower and soybean yield under different sowing dates and water regimes in the Bekaa valley (Lebanon): Simulations with Aquacrop}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {457-482}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2014.1720}, abstract = {In a semi-arid environment, the main challenge for crop production is water limitation in space and in time. Considered as appropriate tools, models are used to evaluate the effects of water deficit on crop productivity for better irrigation planning and sustainable yield. The AquaCrop model was tested using data collected during a 4-year experiment on soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon. The model was found to accurately simulate final crop biomass, yield and cumulative evapotranspiration: in fact the Wilmot index of agreement (IoA) values were 0.97, 0.96 and 0.96, respectively, for soybean and 0.93, 0.95 and 0.93, respectively, for sunflower, while the relative RMSE was 0.04, 0.05 and 0.02, respectively, for soybean and 0.04, 0.06 and 0.04, respectively, for sunflower. The analysis of irrigation scenarios showed that the early planting of sunflower could demonstrate a greater efficiency than late sowing. In addition, applying three irrigations, of 100 mm each, prior to flowering, at mid flowering stage and at the beginning of seed formation could lead to highest yields (ranging between 4.51 and 2.34 t ha-1) and crop water productivity (CWP) (ranging between 1.5 and 0.78 kg m-3). Sunflower yields were low (0.42 t ha-1 to 0.37 t ha-1) and unreliable when one single irrigation was performed only at the beginning of seed formation, while highest values (ranging between 1.97 and 1.74 t ha-1) were obtained when it was done prior to flowering. The highest yields and crop water productivity for soybean were obtained when the crop was sown in April and by applying three irrigations, of 100 mm each, at full bloom, at seed enlargement and at mature seeds. Soybean yield values ranged between 3.16 and 2.01 t ha-1, while CWP values varied from 1.05 to 0.67 kg m-3. However, irrigating at seed enlargement and mature seeds, as well as applying only one irrigation of 100 mm at any growth stage, could lead to very low yields and CWP. Keywords: Crop modelling; Deficit irrigation; Glycine max L. Merril; Helianthus annuus L.; Water productivity.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1720.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1720_5af48a7ec1f7fb3d95ef0bfc4ff590d5.pdf} } @article { author = {Ebrahimi, M. and Khajehpour, M.R. and Naderi, A. and Majde Nassiri, B.}, title = {Physiological responses of sunflower to water stress under different levels of zinc fertilizer}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {483-504}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2014.1721}, abstract = {To investigate the physiological responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., Alstar hybrid) to water stress under different levels of zinc fertilizer, an experiment was conducted at the Isfahan Agricultural Research Center, Isfahan, Iran, during 2008 and 2009 using a randomized complete block design within a split plot layout with three replications. Five irrigation treatments used in this experiment to impose water stress were IR1 (irrigation after 70 mm cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan (CE) during the entire growth cycle as control treatment), IR2 (irrigation after 120 mm CE during the entire growth cycle), IR3 (the same as IR1, except withholding one irrigation at initiation of peduncle elongating (R2)), IR4 (the same as IR1, except withholding one irrigation at the beginning of flowering (R5.1)) and IR5, (the same as IR1, except withholding one irrigation at 70 to 80% flowering (R5.7-8)). Irrigation treatments were allocated to main plots and three zinc fertilizer levels (0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1 of zinc sulfate) to subplots. Water stress reduced leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll a (CHLa) and b (CHLb), chlorophyll a/b (CHLa/b), total chlorophyll (CHLt), leaf area index (LAI), leaf dry weight (LDW) and head dry weight (HDW), but increased proline (PR) content of leaves. Sixty Kg ha-1 zinc sulfate fertilization could partly prevent deleterious effects of water stress at some occasions. This level of zinc sulfate application might be recommended under conditions similar to this experiment which sufficiency of soil zinc content to cope with water stress is in doubt. Keywords: Chlorophyll; Dry weight; Leaf area index; Proline; Relative water content; Zn.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1721.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1721_34b7bbe3a4c8ee30a414f9241b978ea7.pdf} } @article { author = {Głowacka, A.}, title = {The effects of strip cropping and weed control methods on yields of dent maize, narrow-leafed lupin and oats}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {505-530}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2014.1722}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to assess the effects of strip cropping and different weed control methods on the yield and yield structure of dent maize, narrow-leafed lupin and spring oat. A split-plot design with four replications was conducted in 2008-2010. The following factors were analysed in the experiment: I. Cultivation method – sole cropping and strip cropping; II. Weed control method – mechanical and chemical. The method of cultivation was considered the main plot and the weed control methods were the sub-plot. Strip cropping significantly increased the maize yield and the percentage share of ears in the total biomass. The seed yield of narrow-leafed lupin was significantly higher in strip cropping, but only where mechanical weed control was used. Strip cropping significantly increased the plant density, seed number and weight per plant and 1,000 seed weight of lupin. Oat yield was slightly higher in the strip cropping than in the sole cropping. Strip cropping increased grain number and weight per panicle in the oat. The chemical weed control method was more favourable to the yield of maize, narrow-leaf lupin and oat than the mechanical weed control. The land equivalent ratio value (1.06) confirms that the maize/narrow-leafed lupin/oat strip cropping was more efficient than the sole cropping. Keywords: Strip cropping; Dent maize; Oat; Narrow-leafed lupin; Weed control.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1722.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1722_70dc17fe9f16874783e0822b14428c86.pdf} } @article { author = {Amiri Deh Ahmadi, S.R. and Parsa, M. and Bannayan, M. and Nassiri Mahallati, M. and Deihimfard, R.}, title = {Yield gap analysis of chickpea under semi-arid conditions:A simulation study}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {531-548}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2014.1723}, abstract = {Yield gap analysis provides an essential framework to prioritize research and policy efforts to reduce yield constraints. To identify options for increasing chickpea yield, the SSM-chickpea model was parameterized and evaluated. The model was applied to analyze seed yield at both potential and water limited production levels and subsequently to find the yield gap for nine different locations. Study locations are selected to represent major chickpea-growing areas of Khorasan Razavi province (located between 37◦ N and 33◦ S latitude and 61◦ E and 56◦ W longitude). The average simulated potential yield of chickpea across all study locations was 2251 kg ha-1, while for the water limited yield was 1026 kg ha -1, indicating 54% lower due to adverse soil moisture conditions. Average irrigated and rainfed actual yields were 64% and 79% less than simulated potential and water limited yields respectively. Maximum and minimum of simulated potential yield minus simulated water limited yield (YGMM) and simulated potential yield minus irrigated actual yield (YGMI) were observed in Torbat-Jam and Quchan, respectively. Generally, YGMI and YGMM showed an increasing trend from the north (including Neishabur, Mashhad, Quchan and Daregaz) to the south of the study province (Torbat-Jam and Gonabad). In comparison to other indices, simulated water limited yield minus rainfed actual yield (YGMR) was very low because both simulated water limited and average rainfed actual yields were low in these locations. Overall, YGMR was almost unaffected by the quantity of rainfall received at these locations. Keywords: Actual yield; Benchmarking; Modelling; Potential yield.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1723.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1723_7453ab3e02059d1012b0d113ac1d8229.pdf} } @article { author = {Wani, S.P. and Chander, G. and Sahrawat, K.L. and Narsimha Rao, P.}, title = {Integrated nutrient management using deoiled Jatropha cake for sustained and economic food production}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {549-562}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2014.1724}, abstract = {With growing environmental and energy concerns, Jatropha plantations are promoted in degraded/waste lands for the biodiesel production. Nutrient rich nonedible deoiled seed cake, a by-product of Jatropha left out after oil extraction was evaluated at the ICRISAT centre at Patancheru, India as an environment friendly source of nutrients for rainy season maize and soybean followed by postrainy chickpea in rainfed systems. Deoiled cake as partial (50%) or full replacement of recommended basal nitrogen (N) was found superior in terms of increased crop yield over the equivalent chemical fertilizers treatments. Highest yield and net returns under full replacement of basal N for maize, while under 50% basal N replacement in case of soybean and chickpea crops were recorded by 8 to 27% in grain yield and 10 to 28% in straw yield. Deoiled Jatropha cake as a full replacement of N dose in maize also recorded higher N uptake and use efficiency in maize than chemical N source treatment along with increased organic C and nutrient contents in post-harvest soil samples. This study revealed the benefits of Jatropha deoiled seed cake as a good source of plant nutrients and soil organic C in the semi-arid tropics in addition to enhanced C sequestration under Jatropha plantation on degraded waste lands. Keywords: Integrated nutrient management; Jatropha seed cake; Organic manure; Sustainable production; Resilience building.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1724.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1724_1cace11566edd33c8eef3b2528351072.pdf} } @article { author = {Talebnejad, R. and Sepaskhah, A.R.}, title = {Effects of deficit irrigation and groundwater depth on root growth of direct seeding rice in a column experiment}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {563-586}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2014.1725}, abstract = {Rice is an essential crop in Iran that is grown mostly in areas where depth to groundwater is low. Root growth and water uptake of rice under shallow groundwater has not been thoroughly studied. This experiment was conducted to determine the lowland rice (cv. Ghasrodashti) root distribution above shallow groundwater in relation to deficit irrigation and groundwater depth in cylindrical greenhouse lysimeters. The irrigation treatments were continuous flood irrigation (CFI) and intermittent flood irrigation (4- and 8-day intervals IF-4 and IF-8). The groundwater depths (GWD) were 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6 m from the soil surface. In general, 40-60% of root dry weight was observed in the top 10 cm of soil in CFI treatments and IF-4 with 0.3 m GWD resulted in 20% increase in root dry weight in 10-20 cm layer compared with 0-10 cm. However, the root dry weight in 0-10 cm at 0.60 m GWD was 58% lower in intermittent irrigation compared to CFI. There was no significant difference in mean root length density in IF-4 with 0.3 m GWD compared with CFI. In general, lowland rice showed good ability to develop its root system in shallow groundwater level conditions in order to extract water due to lower soil water content in the intermittent flood irrigations. Simple equations were presented to predict the groundwater contribution to evapotranspiration based on the root length density and root weight density. Therefore, in areas with shallow groundwater depth (up to 0.45 m from the soil surface) and low potential evapotranspiration, application of IF-4 instead of CFI can be useful management especially where water scarcity is a serious problem. Keywords: Groundwater; Root yield; Root length density; Intermittent flood irrigation; Continuous flood irrigation.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1725.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1725_b72b91ad667b92674524174731fd9424.pdf} } @article { author = {Soltani, A. and Maleki, M.H.M. and Zeinali, E.}, title = {Optimal crop management can reduce energy use and greenhouse gases emissions in rainfed canola production}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {587-604}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2014.1726}, abstract = {Energy use and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in rainfed canola production in north eastern Iran were analyzed to find measures to reduce energy use and GHG emissions. Four production scenarios, i.e. a high-input, a low-input, a better crop management and a usual scenario, evaluated. All activities and production processes were monitored and recorded over three consecutive years. The usual scenario consumed 13 GJ ha-1 energy input, resulted in 52 GJ ha-1 energy output and GHG emissions of 1028 kg CO2-eq ha-1 and 556 kg CO2-eq t-1. The key factors relating to energy use and GHG emissions were nitrogen fertilizer and fuel for field operations. Compared to the usual production scenario, the better crop management production scenario was significantly more efficient; it consumed 25% less input energy, needed 17% lower amount of nitrogen fertilizer, but resulted in 35% more grain yield and output energy. This scenario also resulted in 26% less GHG emissions per unit field area and 45% less GHG emissions per ton of grain. Measures of improvement in energy use and GHG emission were identified. Keywords: Canola; Crop management; Energy; Environment; GHG emission.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1726.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1726_111d69b745f7b27639275b8f4f465b6d.pdf} }