INFO
text
article
2014
eng
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
1
no.
2014
0
0
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1368_f662da150aed10dc0a63787b7a4a184c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1368
Spatial dynamics for relative contribution of cropping pattern analysis on environment by integrating remote sensing and GIS
P.
Bisht
Student, N. R. D. M. S., Kumaun University, S.S.J. Campus Almora, Uttrakhand, India.
author
P.
Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of Remote Sensing, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India.
author
M.
Yadav
Assistant Scientist, Haryana Space Applications Centre, Hisar (HARSAC), Haryana, India.
author
J.S.
Rawat
H.O.D., N. R. D. M. S., Kumaun University, S.S.J. Campus Almora, Uttrakhand, India.
author
M.P.
Sharma
Assistant Scientist, Haryana Space Applications Centre (HARSAC), Hisar, Haryana, India.
author
R.S.
Hooda
Chief Scientist, Haryana Space Applications Centre (HARSAC), Hisar, Haryana, India.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Agriculture resources reflected to be one of the most imperative renewable and
dynamic natural resources. Agricultural sustainability has the premier priority in all
countries, whether developed or developing. Cropping system analysis is
indispensable for grinding the sustainability of agricultural science. Crop
alternation is stated as growing one crop after another on the same piece of land in
altered timings (seasons) without prejudicing the soil fertility. The study has been
conducted for Fatehabad district of Haryana State of Indo-Gangetic plains in India.
This paper generated cropping pattern and crop rotation maps of Fatehabad district.
Multi-date IRS LISS-III digital data of different cropping seasons of 2007-08 have
been used for this study. The present study relies on data from remote sensing
combined with ground observations. Multi-date images of Rabi season images
were geo-referenced using master images. Multi-date images of Kharif and single
date image of summer seasons were geo-referenced with geo-referenced Rabi
season image using image-to-image registrations and nearest neighborhood resampling
method was applied. Multilayer stack were prepared for Kharif and Rabi
cropping seasons. Stacked images of different seasons were classified using
complete enumeration approach and unsupervised ISO-Data clustering classifier
with district outside and non-agriculture mask based on some defined conditions such as the number of clusters, threshold, and number of iterations etc. A multiphased
unsupervised ISODATA classification was used for seasonal cropping
pattern mapping. The results showed that in the area, a monophonic crop pattern
was found in summer and major part of the district is lying as fallow and major
crops are fodder, dhaicha & sunflower, but in winter, areas under dissimilar crop
pattern had changed melodramatically.
Keywords: Accuracy assessment; Cropping pattern; Crop rotation.
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
1
no.
2014
1
17
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1369_f455d5c95397d8744721a348d076cd18.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1369
Evaluation of broadleaf weeds control with some post-emergence herbicides in maize (Zea mays L.) in Iran
V.
Sarabi
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
author
A.
Ghanbari
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
author
M.H.
Rashed Mohassel
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
author
M.
Nassiri Mahallati
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
author
M.
Rastgoo
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Registered dose of herbicides may be higher than rate required for controlling
weed species depending on growth stages. In order to study the effect of individual
post-emergence application of 2,4-D plus MCPA and three sulfonylurea herbicides at
four- to six-true leaf stage of weeds, experiments were conducted in 2011 at the
greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
Treatments included untreated control and several rates of 2,4-D plus MCPA,
foramsulfuron, nicosulfuron and nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron on redroot pigweed,
common lambsquarters, common purslane and black nightshade. These herbicides
were more effective to control redroot pigweed than other weeds (except
nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron), thereupon minimum dose required for a satisfactory
efficacy of 90% reduction of redroot pigweed aboveground dry matter (ED90)
were 375.26, 23.51 and 63.81 g a.i h-1 of 2,4-D plus MCPA, foramsulfuron and
nicosulfuron, respectively. Nicosulfuron and nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron did not
control common lambsquarters effectively. Foramsulfuron had the lowest effect on
black nightshade and common purslane, so that minimum dose required for a 90%
reduction of black nightshade and common purslane aboveground dry matter were
52.42 and 60.26 g a.i h-1, respectively. Thus, these results showed that tank mixtures
with other herbicides effective in controlling broadleaf weeds may be required for
satisfactory weed control and reduction in sulfonylurea herbicides doses.
Keywords: Broadleaf weeds; Dose-response curve; Effective dose; Growth stage;
Sulfonylurea herbicides.
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
1
no.
2014
19
32
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1370_49ba7f888f5c6f4206b753a69d11a015.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1370
Influence of nitrification inhibitors on yields of arable crops: A meta-analysis of recent studies in Germany
Y.
Hu
Chair of Plant Nutrition, Department of Plant Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2,
D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
author
M.
Schraml
Chair of Plant Nutrition, Department of Plant Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2,
D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
author
S.
von Tucher
Chair of Plant Nutrition, Department of Plant Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2,
D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
author
F.
Li
Chair of Plant Nutrition, Department of Plant Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2,
D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
author
U.
Schmidhalter
Chair of Plant Nutrition, Department of Plant Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2,
D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) delay the oxidation of ammonium by soil
microorganisms, maintaining a higher proportion of applied nitrogen (N) in the soil
by preventing nitrate-N loss from leaching and gaseous N losses from nitrification
and denitrification. Thus, a large number of studies have shown N fertilizers with
NIs are more environmentally friendly. In contrast, there are only a limited number
of studies about effects of the N fertilizers added with NIs on arable crop yields
and the conclusions are also divergent. This study presents a meta-analysis of
recent research in Germany investigating the effects of NIs on the yields of
different agricultural crops (winter wheat, winter barley, winter rapeseed, potato,
grain and silage maize) compared to conventional N fertilization without NIs at a
given N rate. Crop yields with and without NIs at a reduced number of N fertilizer
applications were also compared. Nitrogen fertilizers with NIs did not significantly
influence the yields of all investigated crops. For a given N application rate, the
number of fertilizer applications could be reduced by at least one without any
significant effect on yield when fertilizers with NIs were used. By contrast, the
crude protein content of winter wheat was decreased significantly when the number
of applications of NI fertilizers was less than that of non-NI-containing fertilizers.
These findings may suggest that the key advantages to using N fertilizers with NIs
are helping to protect the environment due to reduced N losses and reducing labor
costs due to saving at least one fertilizer application, all while maintaining the
yields of the investigated crops.
Keywords: Field crops; Nitrification inhibitor (NI); Nitrogen (N); N fertilizers;
Crop yield.
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
1
no.
2014
33
50
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1371_48875160cf3825fbbf5f10c2b8c40a69.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1371
Cropping systems, tillage and fertilization strategies for durum wheat performance and soil properties
F.
Montemurro
Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Research Unit for the Study of Cropping Systems-
Metaponto (MT), Italy.
author
M.
Maiorana
Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura-Research Unit for Cropping Systems in Dry
Environments-Bari, Italy.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Many sustainable agronomical practices can be adopted to contain
environmental risks of crop production and, at the same time, sustain yield and
quality. In this framework, the aim of this research was to study the effects of
continuous cropping (CC) and crop rotation, tillage and fertilization strategies on
durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) production. The responses of soil properties
were further investigated. The research was carried out from 1998 to 2006 in two
two-year rotations repeated two times and in a continuous cropping. The wheat
yield and total nitrogen (N) uptake mean value were significantly higher in rotation
(by 9.7 and 21.5%, respectively) than in CC. Moreover, the broad bean-wheat
rotation significantly increased wheat performance, in particular yield (+35.2 and
47.9% in conventional and in minimum tillage, respectively) compared to sugar
beet-wheat rotation. The minimum tillage increased total organic carbon compared
to the conventional one and this enhancement was observed both in CC and
rotation (+11.6 and 10.6%, respectively). The reduced tillage also increased total N
in both cropping systems and mineral N (+25.4%) in rotation. On the whole, the
findings of this research provide an opportunity to identify best cultivation
strategies to improve wheat performance in rainfed farming systems.
Keywords: Minimum tillage; Rotation systems; Fertilizer application; Wheat yield;
Soil quality.
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
1
no.
2014
52
75
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1372_6ca7ca0ecb5f270cd414a741f689c7d4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1372
Forage yield and quality of barley-annual medic intercrops in semi-arid environments
A.
Sadeghpour
Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
author
E.
Jahanzad
Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
author
A.S.
Lithourgidis
Department of Agronomy, Aristotle University Farm of Thessaloniki, 570 01 Thermi, Greece.
author
M.
Hashemi
Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
author
A.
Esmaeili
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Tehran, Karaj, Tehran, Iran.
author
M.B.
Hosseini
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Tehran, Karaj, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2014
eng
On-farm production of protein is limited in most dairy farm operations in arid
and semi-arid environments. Cereal-legume intercropping could be a viable option
to obtain forage with higher protein content. A two-year experiment was conducted
during 2009 and 2010 growing seasons in a loamy soil to determine whether
intercropping pattern of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and annual medic (Medicago
scutellata L.) could increase forage quality while producing sufficient amount of
forage yield. The results showed that when number of rows in 50:50 replacement
intercropping decreased from six rows of barley and six rows of medic (6B:6M)
(strip intercropping) to 4B:4M, 2B:2M and 1B:1M, barley forage yield increased
by 9, 18 and 24% due to a wavy canopy created by 1B:1M and 2B:2M cropping
ratios. Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was highest (1.19) when barley was
intercropped with annual medic in 1B:1M arrangement indicating that 19% more
area would be required by a sole cropping system to yield similar of intercropping
system. The highest protein yield was also obtained from 1B:1M ratio. Pure stand
of annual medic had the highest Crude Protein (CP) content (310.7 g kg-1 of DM)
whereas sole cropping of barley had the highest Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and
Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF). When both forage yield and quality was considered,
the intercropping of barley and medic with 1B:1M ratio was superior to any other
ratios and can be recommended to farmers as an alternative to barley alone.
Keywords: Annual medic; Barley; Crude protein; Forage; Intercropping; LER.
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
1
no.
2014
77
89
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1373_81bcb9a7d344934b2d6ebf2548770a4a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1373
Assessing variety mixture of continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on grain yield and flour quality in Northeast China
K.Q.
Zhou
Key Laboratory of Mollisol Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China.
author
G.D.
Wang
Key Laboratory of Mollisol Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China.
author
Y.H.
Li
Key Laboratory of Mollisol Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China.
author
X.B.
Liu
Key Laboratory of Mollisol Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China.
author
S.J.
Herbert
Center for Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
author
M.
Hashemi
Center for Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety mixtures represent a relatively unexplored
avenue for maintaining yield and improving flour quality. A field experiment was
conducted to examine the responses of three spring wheat varieties in pure variety
and in variety mixtures under continuous cropping in Northeast China. Three modern
spring wheat varieties, along with a three-variety mixture and a two-variety mixture
of equal proportions, were planted during the growing seasons of 2006 to 2009. The
mixtures were chosen mainly to have complementary traits of yield potential and
grain quality. Wheat yield was not affected by continuous cropping but by growing
conditions, varieties and variety mixture. Yield stability of 3-variety mixture
exceeded that of the pure varieties. The 3-variety mixture consistently out-yielded the
means of the respective components (mid-components), with a mean advantage of
0.17 t ha-1 over the different growing conditions. Variety mixture offers greater yield
advantages over lower-yield but good-quality variety and improves dough
rheological properties and some chemical properties over the higher-yield variety.
The 1:1:1 variety mixtures have greater environmental plasticity and potential
application in improving flour quality than pure varieties and are therefore
recommended for use to Northeast China’s wheat growers even in the absence of
severe disease.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum; Cultivar blends; Yield stability; Flour quality; Test
weight; Sedimentation value.
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
1
no.
2014
91
105
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1374_a7a2644433d9abd894007fb28131777e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1374
Maize response to different water, salinity and nitrogen levels: agronomic behavior
A.
Azizian
Irrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R of Iran.
author
A.R.
Sepaskhah
Irrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R of Iran.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Soil water, salinity and nitrogen content are three major factors affecting crop
production in arid and semi-arid areas. This study was performed in two years of
2009 and 2010 in a semi-arid area in order to investigate the effects of irrigation
water quantity (as main plot), quality (saline water, as sub-plot), nitrogen fertilizer
(as sub-sub plot) and their interactions on growth and yield of maize hybrid SC-
704. The experimental design was split plot with three replications. Irrigation
treatments consisted of I1 (1.0 crop evapotranspiration (ETc) + 0.25ETc as
leaching), I2 (0.75I1) and I3 (0.5I1) applied at 7-day intervals. The salinity
treatments were 0.6 (fresh water), 2.0 and 4.0 dS m-1. There were also three
nitrogen (N) treatments including 0, 150 and 300 kg N ha-1. The results showed
that maize under water and salinity stress had longer vegetative stage period by 11
and 16% compared to the control, respectively. The most sensitive trait under
water, salinity and nitrogen stress was grain yield (GY) which reduced by 52.3,
25.2 and 28.0%, for treatments of 0.5I1, 4.0 dS m-1 and 0 kg N ha-1, respectively.
Based on water productivity (WP), applied water is more efficient for GY
production under lower irrigation and N fertilizer usage. Grain yield surface
function approached a maximum under I2 and I1 treatments in response to
increasing water and N levels. The contour plots of GY were developed at each
salinity level and showed that it could be a useful management device of irrigation
and N for maize GY. Based on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen
recovery (NR), the N application rate of 150 kg ha-1 was the optimum rate for the
study region especially under saline water conditions. Further, interaction result of
the experimental factors showed that with adequate or limited fresh water supply,
application of higher N rate (300 kg ha-1) yielded higher GY. While under saline water application, lower N rates (150 kg ha-1) was appropriate management for
optimum maize GY with sufficient/non-sufficient irrigation. Furthermore, the
threshold values of soil saturation extract, 50% GY reduction, and yield reduction
coefficient of maize showed that in general maize did not tolerate salinity better
under higher N application rate (300 kg ha-1), although in some cases its sensitivity
to salinity decreased by increasing N application rate.
Keywords: Agronomic response; Maize; Nitrogen; Saline water; Salinity indices.
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
1
no.
2014
107
130
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1375_b498158613602ababe20388b4dcf4b3e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1375
Maize response to water, salinity and nitrogen levels: physiological growth parameters and gas exchange
A.
Azizian
Irrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R of Iran.
author
A.R.
Sepaskhah
Irrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R of Iran.
author
text
article
2014
eng
A split-split-plot design with three replications in two years of 2009 and 2010
was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of irrigation water (main
plot), salinity of irrigation water (sub-plot) and nitrogen fertilizer rate (sub-subplot)
on maize growth rate and gas exchange. Irrigation treatments were I1 (1.0
crop evapotranspiration (ETc)+0.25ETc as leaching), I2 (0.75I1) and I3 (0.5I1)
applied at 7-day intervals. The salinity treatments of irrigation were 0.6 (fresh
water), 2.0 and 4.0 dS m-1. There were also three nitrogen (N) treatments including
0, 150 and 300 kg N ha-1. Results showed that vegetative growth stage of maize in
salinity stress lasted 5% more than that in water stress. The most sensitive trait
under water, salinity and nitrogen stress was grain yield (GY). The optimum
treatment for maize production is full fresh water application by 150 kg N ha-1.
Results also showed that crop growth rate (CGR) was statistically higher in I1 and
I2 as 58 and 34% relative to I3 treatment, respectively. Furthermore, CGR was
statistically lower in S2 and S3 as 10 and 18% relative to S1, respectively. Besides,
N application significantly increased CGR by an average of 15% as compared with
no N rate. The net assimilation rate (NAR) reached its maximum value in I2, S2 and
N2 relative to other treatments indicating that NAR did not necessarily occurred at
maximum LAI conditions. In general, maize had statistically greater NAR in
pollination and filling stages relative to other growth stages. Results of gas
exchange for maize as a sensitive crop to water deficit, showed that photosynthesis
rate (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) were statistically decreased in water deficit
by an average of 30 and 43% as compared to full irrigation treatment, respectively.
However, reduction in An and gs in salinity conditions was the same as 13%
compared to no salinity treatment. Transpiration rate (T) was statistically lower
under water and salinity stress by an average of 75 and 26% as compared to no
water and salinity stress, respectively. The ratio of An/gs in I2 and I3 was statistically higher as 23% than that obtained in I1 treatment indicating that
maximum amount of intrinsic water use efficiency could be achieved by water
saving strategies. This result confirmed by transpiration efficiency (An/T) which
was statistically higher as 40 and 14% in I3 and S3 relative to full and fresh water
irrigation treatment, respectively. In general, there was a decreasing trend in An
and gs toward the end of growing season, mainly due to leaves ageing. Similar
pattern also occurred in measurements during a day from morning to afternoon.
Furthermore, An and gs decreased as vapor pressure deficit (VPD) increased. The
relationships between An and gs vs VPD in different growth stages implied that the
plant ability to regulate An and gs in response to VPD at leaf level declined in the
last growth stages. This indicated that the water saving strategies during last
growth stage for maize is more desirable.
Keywords: Gas exchange; Growth analysis; Maize; Water; Salinity and nitrogen stress.
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
1
no.
2014
131
162
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1376_0fe184ef5a37eefbaeb93c8117e78b3d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1376