Gorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-681411320170601Rooting traits of peanut genotypes differing in drought tolerance under drought stress349360354410.22069/ijpp.2017.3544ENH. DingShandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, ChinaZ. ZhangShandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, ChinaT. KangTaian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taian 271000, China.L. DaiShandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China.D. CiShandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China.F. QinShandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China.W. SongShandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China.Journal Article20170620<span class="fontstyle0">The effects of two water regimes (well-watered condition or drought stress) on root length,<br />root surface area and root volume were tested on two peanut genotypes (the drought-resistant<br />variety HuaYu 22 (HY22) and the drought-sensitive variety HuaYu 23 (HY23)), measured 101<br />days after sowing. The roots were sampled from the upper (0–40 cm) and deeper (40–100 cm)<br />soil layers. Root diameter was measured to the nearest 0.5 mm in describing its distribution.<br />Total dry weight and pod yield were measured at harvest. The drought tolerance index of pod<br />yield and the harvest index in HY22 were higher than those in HY23. The total root length<br />density (RLD), total root surface area and volume were significantly higher for HY22 than<br />HY23. The RLD in the deeper soil layer was lower for HY23 than HY22. Under drought stress,<br />the percent RLD in the deeper layers increased in both genotypes. Compared to well-watered<br />condition, the total root surface area and root volume in the upper soil layer were lower under<br />drought stress and root traits in deeper soil layers were higher. Drought stress had no impact on<br />very fine roots (diameter < 0.5 mm) of HY22 in the deeper soil layer but lowered their share in<br />HY23 markedly. The RLD and root surface area in the deeper soil layer were related to the pod<br />yield of peanut. This finding could be useful in growing peanut under drought conditions.</span>https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3544_67c49a0136608d5079feebd4dd7a83cb.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-681411320170601Irrigation methods affect wheat flag leaf senescence and chlorophyll fluorescence in the North China Plain361377354510.22069/ijpp.2017.3545ENJ.K. XuKey Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong
Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, P.R. ChinaYu ShiKey Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong
Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, P.R. China.Z.W. YuKey Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong
Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, P.R. China.J.Y. ZhaoAgricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun south Street No. 12, Beijing,
100081, PR ChinaJournal Article20170620<span class="fontstyle0">The water resource shortage in North China Plain is an increasing threat to the sustainability<br />of wheat (</span><span class="fontstyle2">Triticum aestivum </span><span class="fontstyle0">L</span><span class="fontstyle2">.</span><span class="fontstyle0">) production. A two-year field experiment was conducted to<br />examine the effects of two supplemental irrigation (SI) methods on wheat flag leaf senescence,<br />chlorophyll fluorescence and grain yield. The following field treatments were conducted:<br />no irrigation (W</span><span class="fontstyle0">0</span><span class="fontstyle0">); SI with 60 mm of water at jointing and anthesis stages (local quota SI, W</span><span class="fontstyle0">ck</span><span class="fontstyle0">);<br />SI based on the relative soil water content (SWC) of 0–40 cm soil layers with 65% field<br />capacity (FC) at jointing stage and 70% FC at anthesis stage (W</span><span class="fontstyle0">1</span><span class="fontstyle0">); SI based on SWC of same<br />soil layers with 70% FC at the jointing and anthesis stage (W</span><span class="fontstyle0">2</span><span class="fontstyle0">); and SI based on the SWC of<br />same soil layers with 75% FC at jointing stage and 70% FC at anthesis stage (W</span><span class="fontstyle0">3</span><span class="fontstyle0">). Results<br />showed that W</span><span class="fontstyle0">0 </span><span class="fontstyle0">accelerated flag leaf senescence and had reduced grain yield. Among irrigation<br />treatments, W</span><span class="fontstyle0">2 </span><span class="fontstyle0">(and W</span><span class="fontstyle0">3 </span><span class="fontstyle0">in 2013-2014) significantly increased flag leaf water potential from<br />7 to 28 days after anthesis (DAA) compared with W</span><span class="fontstyle0">ck </span><span class="fontstyle0">and W</span><span class="fontstyle0">1</span><span class="fontstyle0">. Superoxide dismutase activity,<br />catalase activity of W</span><span class="fontstyle0">2 </span><span class="fontstyle0">increased by 15.41% and 14.96% compared with those in W</span><span class="fontstyle0">ck</span><span class="fontstyle0">, resulting<br />in the significantly decreased concentration of malondialdehyde and increased concentration of<br />soluble protein at 14–28 DAA. The F</span><span class="fontstyle0">v</span><span class="fontstyle0">/F</span><span class="fontstyle0">m </span><span class="fontstyle0">at 21–28 DAA and the ΦPSII, qP and NPQ at 14–28<br />DAA for W</span><span class="fontstyle0">2 </span><span class="fontstyle0">(and W</span><span class="fontstyle0">3 </span><span class="fontstyle0">in 2013–2014) were also significantly higher than those of W</span><span class="fontstyle0">ck </span><span class="fontstyle0">and W</span><span class="fontstyle0">1</span><span class="fontstyle0">.<br />Eventually, grain yield, water use efficiency and irrigation benefit of W</span><span class="fontstyle0">2 </span><span class="fontstyle0">were 8704.54 kg ha</span><span class="fontstyle0">-1</span><span class="fontstyle0">,<br />20.86 kg ha</span><span class="fontstyle0">-1 </span><span class="fontstyle0">mm</span><span class="fontstyle0">-1 </span><span class="fontstyle0">and 31.44 kg ha</span><span class="fontstyle0">-1 </span><span class="fontstyle0">mm</span><span class="fontstyle0">-1</span><span class="fontstyle0">, respectively, which were the highest among those<br />of all the treatments. These values increased by 5.82%, 9.65% and 6.00%, respectively, relative<br />to those of W</span><span class="fontstyle0">ck</span><span class="fontstyle0">. In conclusion, the SI based on 0–40 cm soil layer and use of an appropriate<br />relative SWC (both 70% FC at the jointing and anthesis stages) can reduce irrigation amount,<br />delay leaf senescence and improve grain yield and water use efficiency.</span>https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3545_c4294c328efe4ce359377c2a0fc26dcb.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-681411320170601Relation between nitrogen nutrition index and production of spring malting barley379388354610.22069/ijpp.2017.3546ENO. SedlářDepartment of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech
University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic.J. BalíkDepartment of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech
University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic.J. ČernýDepartment of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech
University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic.M. KulhánekDepartment of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech
University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic.F. VašákDepartment of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech
University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic.Journal Article20170620<span class="fontstyle0">Although the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) is a widely used indicator of plant nitrogen<br />status, no model of NNI calculation for spring barley (</span><span class="fontstyle2">Hordeum vulgare</span><span class="fontstyle0">) reflecting also specific<br />malting requirements on grain has been published. The aim of this study was to determine<br />an optimal range of the nitrogen nutrition index (ratio of nitrogen concentration in shoot<br />biomass to critical nitrogen concentration) with respect to optimal grain protein content<br />(N × 6.25 = 9.0 – 11.5 %), plump grain (grain > 2.5 mm) yield and lodging of spring malting<br />barley during 7-year (2007 – 2013) strict field experiments realized under the conditions of three<br />experimental sites in the Czech Republic. A dose of 80 kg N/ha and 130 kg N/ha, respectively,<br />was applied in mineral fertilizers. The nitrogen nutrition index was determined at the BBCH 30<br />(beginning of stem elongation) and BBCH 45 (late boot stage) growth stages. The most suitable<br />indicators for evaluation of the nitrogen concentration in shoot biomass of the spring malting<br />barley in our experiments proved to be Justes et al.´s model N</span><span class="fontstyle0">c </span><span class="fontstyle0">= 5.35 DM(-0.442) designated for<br />winter wheat and Zhao´s model N</span><span class="fontstyle0">c </span><span class="fontstyle0">= 4.76 DM(-0.39) designated for winter barley, where DM is<br />shoot dry matter in t/ha. The nitrogen nutrition index for spring malting barley should not<br />exceed a value of NNI = 0.80 and NNI = 0.90 using the Justes et al.´s model and the Zhao´s one<br />during the BBCH 30 – 45 growth stages.</span>https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3546_2253e59fa71f4f8dc71d2700b29dc75a.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-681411320170601Effect of irrigation regimes on yield and water use efficiencies of potato389405354710.22069/ijpp.2017.3547ENT. KassuKulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. P.O.Box 489, Kulumsa, Ethiopia.H. TilahunMelkasa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. P.O.Box 436, Nazareth, Ethiopia.D. YaredKulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. P.O.Box 489, Kulumsa, Ethiopia.H. WatanabeDepartment of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8
Saiwaicho Fuchu Tokyo 183–8509, Japan.Journal Article20170620<span class="fontstyle0">Poor irrigation water management is one of the major factors limiting crop production in<br />Ethiopia. This study was, therefore, conducted at three different locations in the southeastern<br />Ethiopia for 2 consecutive years to investigate the effects of different irrigation depths and<br />intervals with furrow irrigation system on tuber yield, biomass yield and water use efficiency of<br />potato. The treatments consisted of four irrigation regimes. Three of them were determined<br />using FAO-Cropwat 4 Windows 4.3 computer model based on maximum irrigation efficiency<br />and minimum yield loss. The fourth treatment was farmers' practices for each location.<br />The irrigation treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications.<br />Results showed that irrigation regimes determined using FAO-Cropwat 4 Windows 4.3<br />computer model gave superior tuber and biomass yields and water use efficiencies of potato<br />compared to farmers’ practices at all locations. Higher values of crop and water productivity<br />were obtained when scheduled at application of 20 mm irrigation water every 6 days, 15 mm<br />irrigation water every 7 days and 15 mm irrigation water every 9 days for Sheled, Golja and<br />Lemu areas, respectively. It could be conclude that farmers were over irrigating their farms<br />without equivalent returns. The water saved through optimized irrigation can be used more<br />profitably to irrigate supplemental lands, thus achieving a more efficient and rational use of land<br />and water resources.</span>https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3547_6b1904d47e085ff6fa69f97cc5b310b3.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-681411320170601More aboveground biomass, phosphorus accumulation and remobilization contributed to high productivity of intercropping wheat407424354810.22069/ijpp.2017.3548ENT. ZhouDepartment of Plant Nutrition and crop Cultivation and Tillage, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.K.W. XuDepartment of Plant Nutrition and crop Cultivation and Tillage, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.W.G. LiuDepartment of Plant Nutrition and crop Cultivation and Tillage, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.C.C. ZhangDepartment of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaY.X. ChenDepartment of Plant Nutrition and crop Cultivation and Tillage, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.W.Y. YangDepartment of Plant Nutrition and crop Cultivation and Tillage, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.Journal Article20170620<span class="fontstyle0">Intercropping often results in increasing production than sole per unit land area, but the<br />underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Plants showed different physiological<br />characteristics in intercropping and sole. However, less information was shown the relationships<br />between plant aboveground biomass (AB), phosphorus accumulation (PB) and remobilization<br />and the yield advantage. Here, field experiments were designed as split plot and carried out in<br />2012 and 2013 with three P levels (0, 40 and 80 kg P ha</span><span class="fontstyle0">-1</span><span class="fontstyle0">) in wheat (</span><span class="fontstyle2">Triticum aestivum </span><span class="fontstyle0">L.)/<br />maize (</span><span class="fontstyle2">Zea mays </span><span class="fontstyle0">L.) relay intercropping and sole. The study measured grain yield, AB and P<br />accumulation and remobilization of wheat. Averaged grain yield of intercropping wheat<br />increased 3.9 Mg ha</span><span class="fontstyle0">-1 </span><span class="fontstyle0">in 2012 and 2.7 Mg ha</span><span class="fontstyle0">-1 </span><span class="fontstyle0">in 2013 compared with that of the corresponding<br />sole and the grain yield of intercropping wheat changed with the border row (BR) > the inner<br />row (IR) > the sole wheat (SR), the grain yield in BR was contributed by 58.2% to intercropping<br />wheat. The PA was consistent with AB accumulation, which in intercropping was higher than<br />that in sole over the entire growing season. Close correlations between yield and AB<br />remobilization and P remobilization were observed. The yield of BR was higher from 39.3% to<br />88.0% than that of SR wheat, as mainly attributed to more AB and P accumulation across the<br />whole growing season and more remobilization from pre-anthesis to grain filling stage. More<br />than 40 kg P ha</span><span class="fontstyle0">-1 </span><span class="fontstyle0">did not result in any further increasing in yield and did not enhanced the<br />physiological processes associated with AB and P remobilization, indicating that P fertilizer and<br />agronomic management should be intensified synchronously in field to achieve high yield and<br />sustainability.</span>https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3548_1f7f0eee5282c8c55ec07bc1db59c80b.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-681411320170601Improving essential oil content and yield of ajowan organs under water stress by application of salicylic acid and abscisic acid425435354910.22069/ijpp.2017.3549ENS. GhassemiDepartment of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.K. Ghassemi-GolezaniDepartment of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.0000-0001-9560-1869S. Zehtab-SalmasiDepartment of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.S. Alizadeh-SaltehDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20170620<span class="fontstyle0">This research was carried out in 2014 and 2015 to assess the effects of salicylic acid (SA)<br />(0 and 1 mM) and abscisic acid (ABA) (0 and 50 µM) on essential oil content and yield of<br />ajowan (</span><span class="fontstyle2">Carum copticum </span><span class="fontstyle0">L.) organs under different irrigation intervals (I</span><span class="fontstyle0">1</span><span class="fontstyle0">, I</span><span class="fontstyle0">2</span><span class="fontstyle0">, I</span><span class="fontstyle0">3</span><span class="fontstyle0">, I</span><span class="fontstyle0">4</span><span class="fontstyle0">: irrigation<br />after 70, 100, 130 and 160 mm evaporation, respectively). Plants were sprayed by SA and ABA<br />at vegetative and reproductive stages. In both years, the biomass of vegetative organs (leaves<br />and stem), flower production and seed yield per unit area of ajowan decreased with decreasing<br />water availability. All organs mass improved by application of ABA and particularly SA.<br />Essential oil percentage of all organs increased, but essence yield decreased as a result of water<br />limitation. Reduction in essential oil yield of ajowan organs due to water stress strongly related<br />with the reduction of individual organ mass under stress. Foliar spray of ABA and especially<br />SA improved the medicinal and commercial value of ajowan under different irrigation intervals<br />by enhancing plant organs biomass and accumulation of more essential oil.</span>https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3549_9024c6d6f15cb31a6279c764853e6ba7.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-681411320170601Influence of tiller heterogeneity on yield components of rice grown under different nitrogen regimes437452355010.22069/ijpp.2017.3550ENY. WangKey Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture;
Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.J.W. LuKey Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture;
Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.T. RenKey Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture;
Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.S. HussainKey Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture;
Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.Q. JiaKey Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture;
Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.J.L. ZhangKey Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture;
Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.M. YousafKey Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture;
Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.X.K. LiKey Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture;
Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.Journal Article20170620<span class="fontstyle0">Increase in rice yield under excessive nitrogen (N) supply is negligible, hence it is necessary<br />to analyze the limiting factors via yield components. The present study was carried out during<br />2014 and 2015 growing seasons in order to quantify the yield componenents of different types<br />of tiller at various N levels. Tillers were divided into three different types (superior, medium<br />and inferior) based on their productivity. The results indicated that the quantitative proportions<br />and yield contributions were decreased in superior tillers, increased in the inferior tillers, while<br />remained stable in the medium tillers with increasing supply of N fertilizer. The increased rate<br />of spikelets per panicle in the superior tillers was higher under all N application levels; however,<br />a high quantitative proportion and the lower number of spikelets per panicle of the inferior<br />tillers might have resulted in the reduced population of spikelets per panicle. The rates of grain<br />filling percentage and grain weight in medium and inferior tillers were decreased with<br />increasing N applications, which led to a decrease in population grain filling and grain weight.<br />The present study suggested that the enhancement of grain filling and weight of the inferior<br />tillers would be an effective approach to further improve the per acre yields of rice. The<br />acquisition of more accurate yield component data, in the perspective of tiller, might be helpful<br />for researches regarding the development of augmented rice breeding architectures.</span>https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3550_13158a8beed8956bb58fa38b65316c20.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural SciencesInternational Journal of Plant Production1735-681411320170601Effect of tillage systems on weed infestation of durum wheat453460355110.22069/ijpp.2017.3551ENA. WoźniakDepartment of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin,
Poland.M. SorokaDepartment of Botany, Ukrainian National Forestry University, 79057 Lviv, Ukraine.Journal Article20170620<span class="fontstyle0">Weed infestation of durum wheat was determined in the systems of conventional tillage<br />(CT), reduced tillage (RT) and herbicide tillage (HT). Cultivations measures performed after the<br />harvest of the previous crop included shallow ploughing (at a depth of 10-12 cm) and pre-winter<br />ploughing (25-30 cm) in the CT system; only field cultivation (10-15 cm) in the RT system; and<br />spraying with glyphosate (Roundup 360 SL) in the HT system. In the springtime, a tillage set<br />consisting of a cultivator, a string roller and a harrow (10-12 cm) was applied on all plots. It was<br />demonstrated that wheat cultivation in the RT and HT systems was increasing the number and<br />weight of weeds, compared to the CT system. The highest number of weeds occurred at the<br />middle level of wheat crop, whereas the highest air-dry weight was produced by the weeds at<br />the upper and middle crop levels. In the HT system, weed community was constituted<br />exclusively by short-term species, whereas in CT and RT systems – by short-term and perennial<br />species.</span>https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3551_43dd44e0e9dbdb1858aa255d971d4171.pdf