Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
5
1
2012
08
13
Info
0
0
EN
10.22069/ijpp.2012.795
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_795.html
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_795_a3f74d10ee04bc7141ab5345edf5375c.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
5
1
2012
08
01
Changes of glutamine and asparagine content in cucumber seedlings in response to nitrate stress
1
8
EN
X.
Yang
College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan.
X.
Wang
College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
xfwang@sdau.edu.cn
M.
Wei
College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
Sh.
Hikosaka
Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan.
E.
Goto
Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan.
10.22069/ijpp.2012.715
Nitrogen fertilizer application rates in intensive agricultural systems have increased dramatically in recent years, especially in protected vegetable production systems. This excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer has resulted in soil secondary salinity, which has become a significant environmental stress for crops such as cucumber, in the protected farmlands. It is thus necessary to illuminate how crops respond to nitrate stress. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of three nitrate levels of 14 (CK), 56 (T-1), and 140 (T-2) mmol L<sup>-1</sup> on glutamine and asparagine content in the roots, stems, and leaves of cucumber (<em>Cucumis sativus </em>L. cv. Xintaimici) seedlings grown in hydroponic culture. The results showed that glutamine content in the roots, stems, and leaves of T-1 was a little higher than CK. In the roots, stems and leaves of T-2, glutamine content dramatically decreased over treatment course, and at 12 d decreased by 76%, 46% and 68%, respectively, with respect to CK. Asparagine content in the roots, stems, and leaves of T-1 was not significantly different from CK, whereas, in the roots, stems, and leaves of T-2 seedlings asparagine content decreased significantly. At 12 d, asparagine content in the roots, stems, and leaves of T-2 decreased by 78%, 60% and 74%, respectively, with respect to CK. This evidence indicates that the underlying mechanism of nitrate stress might be different from other abiotic ones such as salt stress and drought, which often stimulate the synthesis of amides.
Asparagine,Cucumber,Glutamine,Hydroponic culture,Nitrate
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_715.html
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_715_62da7a3b3015b6493f52b34bfc4c2bc4.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
5
1
2012
08
01
Evaluation of four chamomile species under late season drought stress
9
24
EN
S.
Houshmand
Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept. ShahreKord University, ShahreKord, P.O Box 115 Iran.
houshmand@agr.sku.ac.ir
H.
Abasalipour
Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept. ShahreKord University, ShahreKord, P.O Box 115 Iran.
A.
Tadayyon
Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept. ShahreKord University, ShahreKord, P.O Box 115 Iran.
H.
Zinali
Agricultural Research Center of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
10.22069/ijpp.2012.716
To examine the genetic variation for drought stress in chamomile, eight accessions belonging to four species were evaluated under both field and greenhouse conditions using normal and late season drought stress. In the field experiment drought stress were initiated with irrigation cease at the commencement of flowering time. In greenhouse experiment, irrigation carried out at flower initiation when soil moisture reached to 80% and 50% of field capacity in control and drought stress treatments respectively. Orthogonal comparison showed high inter-and intra-species variation for all studied traits. In both experiments, drought stress caused significant reduction of flowering period, maturity time, flower number per plant, flower diameter, flower fresh and dry weight per plant, plant fresh and dry weight and plant relative water content. In field condition under both control and drought stress Gorgan1 accession (<em>Anthemis alltissima</em>)<em> </em>showed the highest flower fresh and dry weight. In greenhouse experiment, Isfahan (<em>Matricaria chamomilla</em>) and Mashhad (<em>Tripleurospermum</em><em> sevance</em>) accessions produced greater flower yield and total dry mater under control and drought stress conditions, respectively. Minimum reduction due to drought stress for this two traits in the field experiment was for Ilam2 (<em>Anthemis psedocotula</em>) and in greenhouse experiment was for Ilam1 (<em>Anthemis psedocotula</em>) accessions. The maximum reduction rate due to drought stress in most genotypes was related to plant and flower fresh and dry weight. <em>Tripleurospermum</em><em> sevance</em> species showed less reduction in fresh and dry flower weight when encountered to drought stress, hence it is more drought tolerant as compared to other investigated chamomile species.
Chamomile,Drought stress,Inter and intra species variation
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_716.html
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_716_4af8b4bfe6c447d328d36c0979ea136d.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
5
1
2012
08
01
Effect of a short and severe intermittent drought on transpiration, seed yield, yield components, and harvest index in four landraces of bambara groundnut
25
36
EN
S.T.
Jørgensen
Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
W.H.
Ntundu
National Plant Genetic Resource Centre, TPRI, Arusha, Tanzania.
M.
Ouédraogo
National Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Research (INERA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
J.L.
Christiansen
Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
F.
Liu
Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
fl@plen.ku.dk
10.22069/ijpp.2012.717
Drought is a major constraint to crop production worldwide and landraces are one of the important genetic resources to crop improvement in the dry areas. The objective of this study was to investigate transpiration and yield responses of bambara groundnut (<em>Vigna subterranea </em>L. Verdc.) landraces exposed to a intermittent drought spell at an early reproductive stage. The four landraces (S19-3, Uniswa Red, LunT, and Ramayana collected from Namibia, Swaziland, Sierre Leone, and Indonesia, respectively) were grown in pots in a climate-controlled greenhouse and were either well-watered (WW) daily to 90% of pot holding capacity until seed maturity or drought-stressed (DS) in the period from 76 to 85 days after sowing (flowering and early podding stage). During drought, although the total water use differed among the four landraces, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance (<em>g</em>s) responded similarly to soil drying. The high soil water thresholds for the reduction of transpiration rate and <em>g</em>s of bambara groundnuts indicate their great sensitivity in the stomatal control over plant water loss during soil drying. Even though the shoot dry weight at maturity was hardly affected by DS, seed yield, seed number, and harvest index were all significantly decreased in the DS plants. Among landraces, LunT and Ramayana were more susceptible to DS than S19-3 and Uniswa Red in terms of reduction of seed number and seed yield. The different responses of the landraces to DS may reflect their adaptation to their local climate at the site of collection being that landraces collected from wet regions were more vulnerable to DS than those collected from dry areas.
Harvest index,Drought stress,Landraces,Stomatal conductance,Seed yield
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_717.html
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_717_f9403bfafeb1b33ec1b1998a3d6bf367.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
5
1
2012
08
01
Response of different rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) to water-saving irrigation in greenhouse conditions
37
48
EN
M.R.
Abbasi
Irrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. of Iran.
A.R.
Sepaskhah
Irrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. of Iran.
sepas@shirazu.ac.ir
10.22069/ijpp.2012.718
Due to increasing water and growing demand for food a more efficient water use system is needed for agriculture. This is more evidence for rice production with a higher water use for economical production. A large cultivar×water regime interaction exists for grain yield in rice. Therefore, information is required to adopt new rice cultivars with high yield potential under water-saving conditions. The objectives of this study were to analyze the straw yield, grain yield, yield components, water use and water productivity of six rice cultivars (Anbarboo-22, Ghasroddashti, Cross-Domsiah, Hasani, Rahmat-Abadi, and Doroodzan) under water-saving irrigation regimes (intermittent flood irrigation with 1-and 2-day intervals, I-1-D, and I-2-D, respectively) compared with continuous flood irrigation (CFI) to adopt the elite cultivars of semi-arid area for water-saving conditions. Results indicated that under water-saving irrigation regimes (I-1-D), Doroodzan, Anbarboo-22, and Cross-Domsiah cultivars produced higher grain yields and are elite cultivars, however, under I-2-D irrigation regime only Anbarboo-22 cultivar was an elite cultivar. Based on the harvest index criterion, Doroodzan and Anbarboo-22 cultivars are the elite cultivars under water-saving irrigation regimes. The grain yield of the cultivars was mostly controlled by 1000-grain weight and the order of the other yield components were number of grains per panicle > number of panicles per unit area > unfilled grain percentages. Under CFI, Doroodzan cultivar resulted in highest water productivity (WP) as 0.52 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and Cross-Domsiah and Anbarboo-22 cultivars with WP of 0.40 and 0.31 kg m<sup>-3</sup> were in second and third place, respectively. Furthermore, based on the drought tolerance indices, it is concluded that Doroodzan at first place and Anbarboo-22 and Cross-Domsiah cultivars at second place may be considered as drought tolerant cultivars that can be used in further field study with water-saving irrigation regimes i.e., intermittent irrigation with 1-and 2-day intervals in Fars province.
Grain yield,Harvest index,Rice cultivars,Water productivity,Water supply,Yield component
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_718.html
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_718_0d079ce8f6748c79a3980e1eeb8cde5b.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
5
1
2012
08
01
Salt stress and transplant time in snap bean: growth and productive behaviour
49
64
EN
M.
Mori
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Agraria ed Agronomia del Territorio-Università di Napoli “Federico II”-Facoltà Agraria-via Università 100-80055 Portici (NA).
mori@unina.it
I.
Di Mola
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Agraria ed Agronomia del Territorio-Università di Napoli “Federico II”-Facoltà Agraria-via Università 100-80055 Portici (NA).
F.
Quaglietta Chiarandà
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Agraria ed Agronomia del Territorio-Università di Napoli “Federico II”-Facoltà Agraria-via Università 100-80055 Portici (NA).
10.22069/ijpp.2012.719
High quality water is less available for agriculture and thus farmers often use saline water, that affects crop growth and yield. Snap bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em>) is sensitive to soil and water salinity, and also to heat stress. The aim of this research is to evaluate if a postponed transplant (high temperature stress) of snap bean can influence growth and yield under saline conditions. Snap bean ‘Bolero’ was irrigated with water at 5 salt levels (0.7, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0 and 12.0 dS m<sup>-1</sup>) in factorial combination with two transplant time: ordinary (first week of June=OT) and postponed (first week of July=PT). The percentage of plant survival and plant growth were measured throughout the whole growth cycles. Irrigations with saline water resulted in increased values of soil salinity. The PT cycle was shorter than OT cycle and fewer accumulated GDDs were necessary for ripening (658.7 °C vs. 790.5 of OT cycle). Saline treatments caused a decrease of survival percentage, growth, LA and yield. Also high temperature stress determined a decrease of growth and yield, especially of number of marketable pods per square meter, not compensated by a higher plant density. Therefore, it doesn’t seem favourable to postpone the transplant of snap bean under saline conditions.
Salt-tolerance,Transplant time,High temperature stress,Stress mitigation,Snap bean
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_719.html
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_719_a90ed34d2e3ce30dca6e67a824d1493a.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
5
1
2012
08
01
Effects of seed aging on subsequent seed reserve utilization and seedling growth in soybean
65
70
EN
H.
Mohammadi
Former Graduate Student of M.Sc., Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
h.mohammadi81@yahoo.com
A.
Soltani
Faculty Members of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
H.R.
Sadeghipour
Faculty Member of Biology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
E.
Zeinali
Faculty Members of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
10.22069/ijpp.2012.720
Reduced seedling growth is a consequence of seed deterioration. The heterotrophic seedling growth can be considered as the product of three components: (1) initial seed weight, (2) the fraction of seed reserves which are mobilized, and (3) the conversion efficiency of mobilized seed reserves to seedling tissues. It is not clear which of these component (s) is affected by seed deterioration. To study this subject, germination characteristics and seedling growth from deteriorated soybean (<em>Glycine max</em>) seeds were studied; seeds were incubated at two different temperatures of 34 ºC and <br /> 40 ºC for varying times. The results indicated that seed deterioration results in decreased percentage and rate of germination and decreased percentage of normal seedlings. Seedling growth and the fraction of seed reserve mobilization indicated a significant decrease with the advance of deterioration. However, the effect of seed deterioration on the conversion efficiency of mobilized reserves to seedling tissues was not significant. Thus efforts to improve seedling germination and growth in plant breeding programs should focus on improvement of fraction of mobilized seed reserves.
Seed aging,Seedling growth,Seed reserve,soybean
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_720.html
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_720_65a7cc7870b680dea1a19a47959802a8.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
5
1
2012
08
01
Effects of genotype and environment on breadmaking quality in wheat
71
82
EN
S.
Denčić
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksim Gorki 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
srbislav.dencic@ifvcns.ns.ac.rs
N.
Mladenov
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksim Gorki 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
B.
Kobiljski
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksim Gorki 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
10.22069/ijpp.2012.721
Background: It has long been recognized that bread making quality traits vary considerably as a result of genotype, environment and their interaction. The present study was aimed at determining the effect of cultivar, environment and their interaction on several bread making quality traits as well as to analyze relationship between these traits, Methods: Hundred forty wheat genotypes originated from 28 countries were grown in 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003. Data of 9 bread making quality traits, protein content (PC), wet gluten content (WG), farinograph absorption (FA), farinograph dough development time (FD), farinograph quality number (FQU), resistance to extension (ER), falling number (FN), loaf volume (LV), and baking score (BS), were used to evaluate the effects of cultivar, environment and their interaction. The analysis of variance, ANOVA, and estimates of the components of variance due to genotype and genotype/environment interaction were calculated according to Comstock and Moll (1963). Heritability estimates were similar to those reported by Singh et al. (1993), Results: Both cultivar and cultivar by environment interaction had significant effects on all quality traits. Variances of quality traits associated with genetic factors (cultivar) were generally larger than those for cultivar by environmental interaction effects, Conclusion: The dominant effect of the cultivar in total variance is probably due to the wide range of bread making quality traits in the examined cultivar set.
Wheat,Genotype x environment interaction,Breadmaking quality,Variance
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_721.html
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_721_b791f430315d3d01884e0dbb6b33fa9f.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
5
1
2012
08
01
Climate change effects on wheat yield and water use in oasis cropland
83
94
EN
X.
Yang
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China.
Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, Chnia.
Ch.
Chen
International Research Institute for Climate and Society, The Earth Institute at Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
Q.
Luo
Plant Functional Biology & Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
L.
Li
Plant Functional Biology & Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
Q.
Yu
Plant Functional Biology & Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
Qiang.Yu@uts.edu.au
10.22069/ijpp.2012.722
Agriculture of the inland arid region in Xinjiang depends on irrigation, which forms oasis of Northwest China. The production and water use of wheat, a dominant crop there, is significantly affected by undergoing climate variability and change. The objective of this study is to quantify inter-annual variability of wheat yield and water use from 1955 to 2006. The farming systems model APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator) was used to evaluate crop yield, evapotranspiration (ET), and water use efficiency of winter and spring wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.) in Xinjiang from 1955 to 2006. The APSIM model was first calibrated and validated using 6 years of experimental data. The validated model was then applied to simulated wheat yield and ET using climatic and soil data for present crop cultivar. Simulated wheat yield under full irrigation have no significant decreasing trend from 1955 to 2006. Simulated growth duration of winter wheat was significantly decreased. Simulated ET of winter wheat was significantly correlated with measured pan evaporation. Simulated ET of winter wheat decreased significantly during the 52 years, with a decrease rate of 0.813 mm year<sup>-1</sup>. Cluster analysis showed that the variations of ET were mainly determined by solar radiation, nothing to do with the changes in temperature. The results identified the change trend of field ET under historical climate change, and determined the main meteorological factors which affect ET in this oasis. These results provide a measure for water demand, crop production and irrigation management under climate change in the oasis.
Yield,Water use,Climate Change,Climate variability,Xinjiang
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_722.html
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_722_96ee7f910aa56029b02cc54cf8cf2d02.pdf
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
5
1
2012
08
01
Combining effects of soil solarization and grafting on plant yield and soil-borne pathogens in cucumber
95
104
EN
S.
Yilmaz
Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, 07100 Antalya-Turkey.
suatyilmaz66@gmail.com
I.
Celik
Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, 07100 Antalya-Turkey.
S.
Zengin
Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, 07100 Antalya-Turkey.
10.22069/ijpp.2012.723
Combining effects of soil solarization and grafting on soilborne pathogens, plant height and yield in cucumber were compared in a greenhouse of Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute located in Antalya in 2008 fall season. The experiment was set in split plot design containing; 1, 2, 4 and 5 months soil solarization (MSS), and non-solarized control plots (NSC) on which grafted Maximus F1+ Bergama F1 and non-grafted Bergama F1 were grown. Almost all of plants grown in non-solarized plots were infected with root-knot nematodes with severe root damages; however, only a few plants were affected by this nematode in 4 and 5 month solarized plots with very slight root galls. No resistance to root-knot nematodes was observed in both grafted and non-grafted plants. Almost half of the plants grown on non-solarized control plots were infected with <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>cucumerinum </em>with relatively slight disease symptoms. In conclusion, combining solarization with grafting significantly promoted early flowering time, plant vigor, early and total yields and reduced nematode and fusarium wilt damages in this study.
Fusarium wilt,Grafting,Root-knot nematodes,Soilborne pathogens,Solarization
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_723.html
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_723_387afd90947717057a1aa73e28d64a08.pdf