eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2017-06-01
11
3
349
360
10.22069/ijpp.2017.3544
3544
Rooting traits of peanut genotypes differing in drought tolerance under drought stress
H. Ding
1
Z. Zhang
qinhdao@126.com
2
T. Kang
3
L. Dai
4
D. Ci
5
F. Qin
6
W. Song
7
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China
Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taian 271000, China.
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China.
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China.
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China.
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China.
The effects of two water regimes (well-watered condition or drought stress) on root length,root surface area and root volume were tested on two peanut genotypes (the drought-resistantvariety HuaYu 22 (HY22) and the drought-sensitive variety HuaYu 23 (HY23)), measured 101days after sowing. The roots were sampled from the upper (0–40 cm) and deeper (40–100 cm)soil layers. Root diameter was measured to the nearest 0.5 mm in describing its distribution.Total dry weight and pod yield were measured at harvest. The drought tolerance index of podyield and the harvest index in HY22 were higher than those in HY23. The total root lengthdensity (RLD), total root surface area and volume were significantly higher for HY22 thanHY23. The RLD in the deeper soil layer was lower for HY23 than HY22. Under drought stress,the percent RLD in the deeper layers increased in both genotypes. Compared to well-wateredcondition, the total root surface area and root volume in the upper soil layer were lower underdrought stress and root traits in deeper soil layers were higher. Drought stress had no impact onvery fine roots (diameter < 0.5 mm) of HY22 in the deeper soil layer but lowered their share inHY23 markedly. The RLD and root surface area in the deeper soil layer were related to the podyield of peanut. This finding could be useful in growing peanut under drought conditions.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3544_67c49a0136608d5079feebd4dd7a83cb.pdf
Drought stress
Root diameter classes
Pod yield
Arachis hypogaea
Drought tolerance index (DTI)
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2017-06-01
11
3
361
377
10.22069/ijpp.2017.3545
3545
Irrigation methods affect wheat flag leaf senescence and chlorophyll fluorescence in the North China Plain
J.K. Xu
1
Yu Shi
shiyu@sdau.edu.cn
2
Z.W. Yu
3
J.Y. Zhao
4
Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, P.R. China
Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, P.R. China.
Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, P.R. China.
Agricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun south Street No. 12, Beijing, 100081, PR China
The water resource shortage in North China Plain is an increasing threat to the sustainabilityof wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. A two-year field experiment was conducted toexamine the effects of two supplemental irrigation (SI) methods on wheat flag leaf senescence,chlorophyll fluorescence and grain yield. The following field treatments were conducted:no irrigation (W0); SI with 60 mm of water at jointing and anthesis stages (local quota SI, Wck);SI based on the relative soil water content (SWC) of 0–40 cm soil layers with 65% fieldcapacity (FC) at jointing stage and 70% FC at anthesis stage (W1); SI based on SWC of samesoil layers with 70% FC at the jointing and anthesis stage (W2); and SI based on the SWC ofsame soil layers with 75% FC at jointing stage and 70% FC at anthesis stage (W3). Resultsshowed that W0 accelerated flag leaf senescence and had reduced grain yield. Among irrigationtreatments, W2 (and W3 in 2013-2014) significantly increased flag leaf water potential from7 to 28 days after anthesis (DAA) compared with Wck and W1. Superoxide dismutase activity,catalase activity of W2 increased by 15.41% and 14.96% compared with those in Wck, resultingin the significantly decreased concentration of malondialdehyde and increased concentration ofsoluble protein at 14–28 DAA. The Fv/Fm at 21–28 DAA and the ΦPSII, qP and NPQ at 14–28DAA for W2 (and W3 in 2013–2014) were also significantly higher than those of Wck and W1.Eventually, grain yield, water use efficiency and irrigation benefit of W2 were 8704.54 kg ha-1,20.86 kg ha-1 mm-1 and 31.44 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively, which were the highest among thoseof all the treatments. These values increased by 5.82%, 9.65% and 6.00%, respectively, relativeto those of Wck. In conclusion, the SI based on 0–40 cm soil layer and use of an appropriaterelative SWC (both 70% FC at the jointing and anthesis stages) can reduce irrigation amount,delay leaf senescence and improve grain yield and water use efficiency.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3545_c4294c328efe4ce359377c2a0fc26dcb.pdf
Supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture
Wheat
Superoxide dismutase activity
Actual photochemical efficiency of PSII
Grain yield
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2017-06-01
11
3
379
388
10.22069/ijpp.2017.3546
3546
Relation between nitrogen nutrition index and production of spring malting barley
O. Sedlář
sedlar@af.czu.cz
1
J. Balík
2
J. Černý
3
M. Kulhánek
4
F. Vašák
5
Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
Although the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) is a widely used indicator of plant nitrogenstatus, no model of NNI calculation for spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) reflecting also specificmalting requirements on grain has been published. The aim of this study was to determinean optimal range of the nitrogen nutrition index (ratio of nitrogen concentration in shootbiomass to critical nitrogen concentration) with respect to optimal grain protein content(N × 6.25 = 9.0 – 11.5 %), plump grain (grain > 2.5 mm) yield and lodging of spring maltingbarley during 7-year (2007 – 2013) strict field experiments realized under the conditions of threeexperimental sites in the Czech Republic. A dose of 80 kg N/ha and 130 kg N/ha, respectively,was applied in mineral fertilizers. The nitrogen nutrition index was determined at the BBCH 30(beginning of stem elongation) and BBCH 45 (late boot stage) growth stages. The most suitableindicators for evaluation of the nitrogen concentration in shoot biomass of the spring maltingbarley in our experiments proved to be Justes et al.´s model Nc = 5.35 DM(-0.442) designated forwinter wheat and Zhao´s model Nc = 4.76 DM(-0.39) designated for winter barley, where DM isshoot dry matter in t/ha. The nitrogen nutrition index for spring malting barley should notexceed a value of NNI = 0.80 and NNI = 0.90 using the Justes et al.´s model and the Zhao´s oneduring the BBCH 30 – 45 growth stages.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3546_2253e59fa71f4f8dc71d2700b29dc75a.pdf
Dilution curve
Lodging
Plumpness
Protein content
quality
Yield
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2017-06-01
11
3
389
405
10.22069/ijpp.2017.3547
3547
Effect of irrigation regimes on yield and water use efficiencies of potato
T. Kassu
kasstad96@yahoo.com
1
H. Tilahun
2
D. Yared
3
H. Watanabe
4
Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. P.O.Box 489, Kulumsa, Ethiopia.
Melkasa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. P.O.Box 436, Nazareth, Ethiopia.
Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. P.O.Box 489, Kulumsa, Ethiopia.
Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho Fuchu Tokyo 183–8509, Japan.
Poor irrigation water management is one of the major factors limiting crop production inEthiopia. This study was, therefore, conducted at three different locations in the southeasternEthiopia for 2 consecutive years to investigate the effects of different irrigation depths andintervals with furrow irrigation system on tuber yield, biomass yield and water use efficiency ofpotato. The treatments consisted of four irrigation regimes. Three of them were determinedusing FAO-Cropwat 4 Windows 4.3 computer model based on maximum irrigation efficiencyand minimum yield loss. The fourth treatment was farmers' practices for each location.The irrigation treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications.Results showed that irrigation regimes determined using FAO-Cropwat 4 Windows 4.3computer model gave superior tuber and biomass yields and water use efficiencies of potatocompared to farmers’ practices at all locations. Higher values of crop and water productivitywere obtained when scheduled at application of 20 mm irrigation water every 6 days, 15 mmirrigation water every 7 days and 15 mm irrigation water every 9 days for Sheled, Golja andLemu areas, respectively. It could be conclude that farmers were over irrigating their farmswithout equivalent returns. The water saved through optimized irrigation can be used moreprofitably to irrigate supplemental lands, thus achieving a more efficient and rational use of landand water resources.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3547_6b1904d47e085ff6fa69f97cc5b310b3.pdf
Irrigation scheduling
Evapotranspiration
Crop water requirement
Irrigation water requirement
Water use efficiency
Yield
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2017-06-01
11
3
407
424
10.22069/ijpp.2017.3548
3548
More aboveground biomass, phosphorus accumulation and remobilization contributed to high productivity of intercropping wheat
T. Zhou
1
K.W. Xu
2
W.G. Liu
3
C.C. Zhang
4
Y.X. Chen
cyxue2002@aliyun.com
5
W.Y. Yang
wenyu.yang@263.net
6
Department of Plant Nutrition and crop Cultivation and Tillage, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Plant Nutrition and crop Cultivation and Tillage, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Plant Nutrition and crop Cultivation and Tillage, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Department of Plant Nutrition and crop Cultivation and Tillage, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Plant Nutrition and crop Cultivation and Tillage, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Intercropping often results in increasing production than sole per unit land area, but theunderlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Plants showed different physiologicalcharacteristics in intercropping and sole. However, less information was shown the relationshipsbetween plant aboveground biomass (AB), phosphorus accumulation (PB) and remobilizationand the yield advantage. Here, field experiments were designed as split plot and carried out in2012 and 2013 with three P levels (0, 40 and 80 kg P ha-1) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/maize (Zea mays L.) relay intercropping and sole. The study measured grain yield, AB and Paccumulation and remobilization of wheat. Averaged grain yield of intercropping wheatincreased 3.9 Mg ha-1 in 2012 and 2.7 Mg ha-1 in 2013 compared with that of the correspondingsole and the grain yield of intercropping wheat changed with the border row (BR) > the innerrow (IR) > the sole wheat (SR), the grain yield in BR was contributed by 58.2% to intercroppingwheat. The PA was consistent with AB accumulation, which in intercropping was higher thanthat in sole over the entire growing season. Close correlations between yield and ABremobilization and P remobilization were observed. The yield of BR was higher from 39.3% to88.0% than that of SR wheat, as mainly attributed to more AB and P accumulation across thewhole growing season and more remobilization from pre-anthesis to grain filling stage. Morethan 40 kg P ha-1 did not result in any further increasing in yield and did not enhanced thephysiological processes associated with AB and P remobilization, indicating that P fertilizer andagronomic management should be intensified synchronously in field to achieve high yield andsustainability.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3548_1f7f0eee5282c8c55ec07bc1db59c80b.pdf
Wheat/maize relay strip intercropping
Border-row effect
Aboveground biomass
Phosphorus
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2017-06-01
11
3
425
435
10.22069/ijpp.2017.3549
3549
Improving essential oil content and yield of ajowan organs under water stress by application of salicylic acid and abscisic acid
S. Ghassemi
1
K. Ghassemi-Golezani
golezani@gmail.com
2
S. Zehtab-Salmasi
3
S. Alizadeh-Salteh
4
Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
This research was carried out in 2014 and 2015 to assess the effects of salicylic acid (SA)(0 and 1 mM) and abscisic acid (ABA) (0 and 50 µM) on essential oil content and yield ofajowan (Carum copticum L.) organs under different irrigation intervals (I1, I2, I3, I4: irrigationafter 70, 100, 130 and 160 mm evaporation, respectively). Plants were sprayed by SA and ABAat vegetative and reproductive stages. In both years, the biomass of vegetative organs (leavesand stem), flower production and seed yield per unit area of ajowan decreased with decreasingwater availability. All organs mass improved by application of ABA and particularly SA.Essential oil percentage of all organs increased, but essence yield decreased as a result of waterlimitation. Reduction in essential oil yield of ajowan organs due to water stress strongly relatedwith the reduction of individual organ mass under stress. Foliar spray of ABA and especiallySA improved the medicinal and commercial value of ajowan under different irrigation intervalsby enhancing plant organs biomass and accumulation of more essential oil.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3549_9024c6d6f15cb31a6279c764853e6ba7.pdf
Essence
Flower
Hormone
Organ mass
Seed
Vegetative
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2017-06-01
11
3
437
452
10.22069/ijpp.2017.3550
3550
Influence of tiller heterogeneity on yield components of rice grown under different nitrogen regimes
Y. Wang
1
J.W. Lu
lunm@mail.hzau.edu.cn
2
T. Ren
3
S. Hussain
4
Q. Jia
5
J.L. Zhang
6
M. Yousaf
7
X.K. Li
lixiaokun@mail.hzau.edu.cn
8
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture; Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture; Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture; Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture; Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture; Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture; Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture; Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture; Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Increase in rice yield under excessive nitrogen (N) supply is negligible, hence it is necessaryto analyze the limiting factors via yield components. The present study was carried out during2014 and 2015 growing seasons in order to quantify the yield componenents of different typesof tiller at various N levels. Tillers were divided into three different types (superior, mediumand inferior) based on their productivity. The results indicated that the quantitative proportionsand yield contributions were decreased in superior tillers, increased in the inferior tillers, whileremained stable in the medium tillers with increasing supply of N fertilizer. The increased rateof spikelets per panicle in the superior tillers was higher under all N application levels; however,a high quantitative proportion and the lower number of spikelets per panicle of the inferiortillers might have resulted in the reduced population of spikelets per panicle. The rates of grainfilling percentage and grain weight in medium and inferior tillers were decreased withincreasing N applications, which led to a decrease in population grain filling and grain weight.The present study suggested that the enhancement of grain filling and weight of the inferiortillers would be an effective approach to further improve the per acre yields of rice. Theacquisition of more accurate yield component data, in the perspective of tiller, might be helpfulfor researches regarding the development of augmented rice breeding architectures.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3550_13158a8beed8956bb58fa38b65316c20.pdf
Rice
Nitrogen
Yield components
Heterogeneity
Tiller
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2017-06-01
11
3
453
460
10.22069/ijpp.2017.3551
3551
Effect of tillage systems on weed infestation of durum wheat
A. Woźniak
wozniak@up.lublin.pl
1
M. Soroka
2
Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Botany, Ukrainian National Forestry University, 79057 Lviv, Ukraine.
Weed infestation of durum wheat was determined in the systems of conventional tillage(CT), reduced tillage (RT) and herbicide tillage (HT). Cultivations measures performed after theharvest of the previous crop included shallow ploughing (at a depth of 10-12 cm) and pre-winterploughing (25-30 cm) in the CT system; only field cultivation (10-15 cm) in the RT system; andspraying with glyphosate (Roundup 360 SL) in the HT system. In the springtime, a tillage setconsisting of a cultivator, a string roller and a harrow (10-12 cm) was applied on all plots. It wasdemonstrated that wheat cultivation in the RT and HT systems was increasing the number andweight of weeds, compared to the CT system. The highest number of weeds occurred at themiddle level of wheat crop, whereas the highest air-dry weight was produced by the weeds atthe upper and middle crop levels. In the HT system, weed community was constitutedexclusively by short-term species, whereas in CT and RT systems – by short-term and perennialspecies.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_3551_43dd44e0e9dbdb1858aa255d971d4171.pdf
Weed infestation indices
Level distribution of weeds
Tillage systems