eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2012-08-13
6
3
0
0
10.22069/ijpp.2012.794
794
Info
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_794_a11a37b4b26f35946514ef8016ad4390.pdf
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2012-08-11
6
3
267
278
10.22069/ijpp.2012.764
764
Oil concentration in canola (Brassica napus L.) as a function
of environmental conditions during seed filling period
A. Faraji
abolfazlfaraji@yahoo.com
1
Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Golestan, Postal code 4915677555, Beheshti Street, Gorgan, Iran
Oil concentration (OC) in canola (B. napus L.) is determined during seed fillingperiod (SFP), and the variation in OC is greatly related to environmental conditionsduring that period. To determine factors affecting OC in canola, 12 fieldexperiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Gonbad, Iran,during 2000-07. The experiments were carried out under different growingconditions. The regression functions were fitted to the data of each group ofgenotypes, over years and experiments. Increasing SFP was a determinant factorfor increasing OC. Oil concentration was affected by the duration of SFP, whichwas maximized when plants of both genotypes (open pollinates and hybrids) wereexposed to lower temperatures. There was a linear negative relationship betweenair temperature during SFP and OC. High temperatures, accelerated the rate ofplant development, lowered the length of SFP, and reduced OC potential. In bothgroup of genotypes, the variation of OC was explained by rainfall during SFP, andtemperature and radiation interactions during the period, as showed byphotothermal quotient (PTQ). There was a positive logarithmic relationshipbetween PTQ during SFP and OC. The relationships of OC with duration of SFP,and temperature, PTQ and rainfall during SFP over years, sowing dates andgenotypes showed that these variables are generally applicable in canola OCdetermination.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_764_84fdc864c502d4fe39a4853d5c11d116.pdf
Oil content
Genotype
Seed yield
PTQ
Temperature
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2012-08-11
6
3
279
290
10.22069/ijpp.2012.765
765
Mulching effects on the yield and quality of garlic as second
crop in rice fields
M.B. Mahdieh Najafabadi
1
Gh. Peyvast
2
M. Hassanpour Asil
3
J.A. Olfati
jamalaliolfati@gmail.com
4
M. Rabiee
5
Affiliated to Horticultural Department, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. I.R.
Affiliated to Horticultural Department, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. I.R.
Affiliated to Horticultural Department, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. I.R.
Affiliated to Horticultural Department, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. I.R.
Affiliated to National Rice Research Institute, Rasht, Iran. I.R.
Plastic mulch increased minimum temperature of soil, accelerated plant height,early growth, early yield, and bring satisfactory weed control without anyapplication of herbicides. This experiment was laid out on three-factorialRandomized Complete Block Design with three replications during 2008-2010 atthe National Rice Research Institute, Rasht, Iran using three kinds of mulches(Transparent and black PE and rice straw). Results showed that garlic total yield,bulb ash percent, TSS, vitamin C and flavonoids content were affected bymulching. Although mulching could improved some quality indices in garlic but noeffect on forcing was observed. Due to two years experiment and interactionbetween year and mulches the usage of rice straw in rainy and cool season andplastic mulch in low rain fall and warm season recommended increasing garlicquality as second crop in rice field.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_765_a8ba8d476a6ea0fe42dd4caa5bb0a141.pdf
Garlic
mulch
Early yield
Forcing
Second crop
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2012-08-11
6
3
291
308
10.22069/ijpp.2012.766
766
Effects of organic and inorganic amendments on weed
management in sweet maize
A. Efthimiadou
1
R.J. Froud-Williams
2
I. Eleftherohorinos
3
A. Karkanis
4
D.J. Bilalis
bilalisdimitrios@yahoo.gr
5
Open Univ. of Cyprus, Nicossia. Cyprus.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, P.O. Box. 217, READING, Berksire, RG6 6AH, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Laboratory of Weed Management. Univ. of Thessaly. Volos, Greece.
Laboratory of Crop Production, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of organic andinorganic amendments on weed suppression in sweet maize cultivation (Zea maysL.). A randomized complete block design was employed with four replicates pertreatment with each organic amendment used at half (x/2), single (x=10 t ha-1) anddouble (2x) rates (organic fertilization: cow manure, poultry manure and barleymulch; synthetic fertilizer (240 kg N ha-1: 21-0-0); and control). The highestnumber and dry weight of weeds were recorded for double cow manure andchemical fertilizer treatments. The cow manure treatments promoted weedemergence and growth proportionally to the rate of application (x/2<x<2x). In thepresence of barley residues, weed biomass or density was reduced for the species:redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common purslane (Portulacaoleracea L.) and prostrate knotweed (Polygonum aviculare L.). Weed suppressiveeffect of barley residues decreased with time following residue decomposition. Thebarley mulch plots presented the highest values of Shannon-Weiner and Simpsonindices. These results indicate that green manure of barley are effective for thesuppression of some weeds in sweet maize.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_766_b7ea844160bd81f1063fab749f967d6f.pdf
Fertilization
Manure
mulch
Synthetic fertilizer
Sweet maize
Weed
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2012-08-11
6
3
309
324
10.22069/ijpp.2012.767
767
Effect of plant-derived smoke extract on in vitro plantlet
regeneration from rapeseed (Brassica napus L. cv. Topas)
microspore-derived embryos
P. Ghazanfari
1
M.R. Abdollahi
m.abdollahi@basu.ac.ir
2
A. Moieni
Moieni_a@modares.ac.ir
3
S.S. Moosavi
4
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
Department of Plant Breeding, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
The effect of aqueous smoke extract, derived from Tanacetum parthenium, onin vitro plantlet regeneration from rapeseed (Brassica napus L. cv. Topas)microspore-derived embryos (MDEs) was evaluated in this study. Inoculation ofrapeseed MDEs with the smoke-extract dilutions (1:250, 1:500, 1:1000 and 1:2000)for various times (5, 10 and 15 min) significantly enhanced the percentage ofregenerated plantlets from these embryos and also decreased the callogenesispercentage in these explants. The root length and shoot length of inoculated MDEswere significantly improved with all smoke-extract dilutions except for dilutions of1:100 and 1:10. Application of smoke-extract solutions (1:1000, 1:500, 1:250 and1:100) in B5 regeneration medium significantly enhanced the plantlet regenerationfrom rapeseed MDEs compared to control cultures. Furthermore, use of smokeextractsolutions in combination with GA3 (0.1 and 0.15 mgl-1) significantlyimproved the root length and shoot length of rapeseed MDEs compared to separateuse of smoke-extract solutions. Use of filter paper saturated with aqueous smokeextract (1:250) on top of the B5 regeneration medium was the best smoke treatmentmethod improving the plantlet regeneration percentage, root length and shootlength of rapeseed MDEs compared to other treatment methods. The conversionfrequency of rapeseed MDEs pretreated with smoke extract dilution of 1:500 wasimproved up to 50% compared with the control MDEs (26.67%), whereas the useof smoke extract (1:100) in B5 regeneration medium enhanced the conversionfrequency of these MDEs up to 62% compared with the control cultures (
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_767_d7eaa249ae4e0a9aca1c886d8a749bce.pdf
Brassica napus L
Plant-derived smoke
Plantlet regeneration
Microsporederived
embryo
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2012-08-11
6
3
325
336
10.22069/ijpp.2012.768
768
Germination pattern of naturally grown Lathyrus and Vicia
species to different methods and seedbeds
U. Basaran
ugur.basaran@bozok.edu.tr
1
H. Mut
2
O. Onal Asci
3
I. Ayan
4
Z. Acar
5
Bozok University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Turkey.
Bozok University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Turkey.
Ordu University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Turkey.
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Turkey.
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Turkey.
In many forage legumes, hard seed coat is the main problem impeding thegermination by preventing water and gases transport in seed. We evaluated theeffects of mechanical scarification, chilling, different seedbeds (peat and sand) andtheir combination on the germination ratio and time of 9 naturally grown legumespecies belonging Lathyrus and Vicia genus. Control seeds showed very lowgermination ranging from 0% in V. narbonensis and V. sativa to 24% in L. annuusamong to species. Mechanical scarification highly increased germination in all thespecies ranging from 27% in V. sativa to 96% in L. sphaericus. The highestgermination of all the investigated species (ranging between 100 and 51%) wasdetermined in the combination of mechanical scarification and sowing in peattreatments. Under this treatment, germination was improved greatly from 1% incontrol to 100% in V. bythinica while the germination of V. narbonensis increasedfrom 0% in control to 51%. Any treatment which is highly promotes germinationof one species generally accelerated the germination time of same species. Theeffect of treatments subjected to present study on germination ratio and time wasgenerally, with exceptions higher for Lathyrus species compare to Vicia species.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_768_10af4093badb887c912221a549d9f23f.pdf
germination
Lathyrus
Vicia
Hard seed coat
Scarification
Peat
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2012-08-11
6
3
337
352
10.22069/ijpp.2012.769
769
Wheat seed contamination with seed-borne diseases in cold
climatic zone of Iran
S. Mobasser
sa_mobasser@yahoo.com
1
M.R. Jazayeri
2
F. Khazaei
3
L. Sadeghi
4
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), Karaj, Iran.
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), Karaj, Iran.
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), Karaj, Iran.
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), Karaj, Iran.
In order to evaluate the informal wheat seed contamination with seed-bornediseases, two most important provinces (East Azarbaijan and Khorasan Razavi) forwheat production were selected in cold region of Iran in 2008-2009 crop seasonsand ten different locations (city or village) were considered in each province andten informal seed farmers were selected randomly. A seed sample (1 kg) was takenfrom planting source of each farmer. Different analysis including purity,germination and seed health (head blight, common bunt and loose smut disease)tests carried out on seed samples according to ISTA rules. Fusarium graminearumwas identified as the main disease in provinces. Blotter test showed significantdifferences (P<0.05) among the towns but there was no meaningful differencebetween provinces. Washing test for T. caries showed significant differencebetween the two provinces (P<0.1) but there was no meaningful difference amongtowns in each province. Furthermore there was significant difference between andamong provinces and towns with respect to T. leavis infection. Also the datashowed clear dispersal of these two species (T. caries and T. leavis). Negative andhigh significant correlation was observed between U. tritici and germination. Sothe precision study of seed borne disease in different areas of the country forproducing healthy seed is recommended.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_769_5d378b40cffef2ed0db7ebeaf9175fc7.pdf
Wheat seed
F. graminearum
T. leavis
U. tritici
T. caries
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2012-08-11
6
3
353
366
10.22069/ijpp.2012.770
770
Effect of different cultivation methods on germination and
growth of Puccinellia tenuiflora
S.H. Liu
1
Y.H. Kang
kangyh@igsnrr.ac.cn
2
S.Q. Wan
3
S.F. Jiang
4
T.B. Zhang
5
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Anwai, Beijing 100101, China.
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Anwai, Beijing 100101, China.
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Anwai, Beijing 100101, China.
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Anwai, Beijing 100101, China.
Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
The effects of drip irrigation and different cultivation methods on seedgermination and growth of Puccinellia tenuiflora in saline-sodic soils wereinvestigated in field experiments during 2008-2010 in the Songnen Plain, China.Drip irrigation was applied to waste saline-sodic P. tenuiflora grasslands for bothflat and ridge cultivation methods. Drip irrigation affected the distributions ofelectrical conductivity of saturated-soil extract (ECe) and pH of the saline-sodicsoil. After cropping under drip irrigation for two years, the ECe and pH haddecreased greatly in the root zone on both the flat and ridge lands, and enabledP. tenuiflora seeds to germinate and grow rapidly. In addition, the plant height,number and length of spikes, coverage and aboveground biomass were all higheron the flat than on ridge land, but the differences of the two cultivation methodswere not obvious. Compared to ridge planting, the flat planting method was moreconvenient, and flat cultivation and drip irrigation may be appropriate forrestoration of saline-sodic grasslands.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_770_5d2de68b762b17eb4ab945244b35801a.pdf
saline-sodic soils
Planting methods
Puccinellia tenuiflora
Grassland
restoration
eng
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Plant Production
1735-6814
1735-8043
2012-08-11
6
3
367
386
10.22069/ijpp.2012.771
771
Are investments in an informal seed system for cowpea a
worthwhile endeavour?
P. Christiaan Biemond
christiaan.biemond@wur.nl
1
T.J. Stomph
2
A. Kamara
3
T. Abdoulaye
4
S. Hearne
5
P.C. Struik
6
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano, Nigeria. Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano, Nigeria.
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria.
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. Current address: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico D.F., Mexico.
Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
High seed quality is a critical component for realising yield potential. Forsmallholder cowpea farmers in northern Nigeria the informal seed system is amajor supplier of genetically high-quality seed, but the physiological quality offarmers’ produced seed remains unknown. The project “Promoting SustainableAgriculture in Borno State” (PROSAB) trained and supported farmers in seedproduction in Borno State, Nigeria. We analysed the quality of farmers’ producedcowpea seed based on standard quality testing criteria, and evaluated its fieldemergence as a proxy for non-genetic seed quality. We carried out a survey amongseed producing farmers about their production and storage practices, and testedseed quality of samples from these farmers, from seed companies and comparedthese to foundation seed. Field emergence of farmers’ produced seed was notsignificantly different from that of foundation seed (P=0.47) or seed companysamples (P=0.12). Cowpea seed quality, however, was inadequate in both theformal and informal seed systems. Five out of six foundation seed samples, 79 outof 81 samples of farmers’ seed, and six out of six seed company samples failed tomeet standards for foundation and certified seeds of the National Agriculture SeedCouncil (NASC), the seed industry regulatory agency in Nigeria. Multipleregression analyses predicting field emergence showed that projects like PROSABcan improve seed quality. Especially proper storage and reducing seed damage canincrease field emergence significantly. Our findings suggest that it is worth toinvest in improving the informal seed system of cowpea.
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_771_59f431bb58d6fb053c07814e8f49a36b.pdf
Cowpea
Vigna unguiculata
Seed systems
seed quality
Northern-Nigeria