@article { author = {}, title = {info}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2013.1260}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1260.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1260_94d0bf16ced3aa343d22ce671bc21383.pdf} } @article { author = {Bishaw, Z. and Struik, P.C. and Van Gastelc, A.J.G.}, title = {Farmer’s seed sources and seed quality: 2. seed health}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, pages = {637-658}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2013.1261}, abstract = {The study assessed the health quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seed samples collected from formal and informal sector in Ethiopia and Syria. In Ethiopia, several seed-borne fungi were found on wheat samples: Cochliobolus sativum, Fusarium avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. nivale, F. poae and Septoria nodorum. C. sativum was predominant with 84% of samples infected (frequency) and 1.85% mean infection level (rate) followed by F. graminearum with 74% and 1.54%, respectively. Certified seed consistently showed less infection for most seed-borne pathogens. In Syria, 68% and 14%, respectively, of wheat samples were infected with common bunt (Tilletia spp) and loose smut (Ustilago tritici). Mean loose smut infection rate was 0.79%. In barley, 85% of samples were infected with covered smut (Ustilago hordei) and 83% with loose smut (Ustilago nuda). Mean loose smut infection rate was 18%. Wheat seed health was better than of barley in terms of frequency and rate of infection. In Ethiopia, significant difference (P<0.001) in infection levels was detected for most pathogens from different seed sources, but not in Syria. There were significant differences (P<0.001) in mean infection levels across regions and districts for both crops in Ethiopia and Syria. All seed samples infected with loose smut of wheat or barley were in excess of minimum standards for seed certification across West Asia and North Africa, showing fundamental weaknesses in seed health from both formal and informal sources. National seed programs should set realistic standards and introduce routine testing to produce healthy seed.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1261.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1261_26c8e27ff0ad5c7a23515d7127ac41a6.pdf} } @article { author = {Mirshekari, B.}, title = {Marigold (Calendula officinalis) yield as affected by lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album) competition}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, pages = {659-664}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2013.1262}, abstract = {To study interferential effect of lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album L.) on marigold (Calendula officinalis) yield and lamb's-quarters seed production two factorial field experiments were conducted in Tabriz, Iran, during 2010-2011. Treatments were densities of lamb's-quarters (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 plants per meter row) and relative times of its emergence (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after marigold emergence). Marigold could tolerate4 lamb's-quarters plants per meter row without any significant yield reduction, when it emerges 40 days after that of marigold. A suitable fit to model of Cousens et al. was obtained for all marigold flower yield data sets at interference with lamb's-quarters. Results also indicate that controlling lamb's-quarters early in the season may reduce its seed production capacity.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1262.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1262_9dc5312514693c6cc427e9c6c3ac9e1f.pdf} } @article { author = {Travlos, I.S. and Chachalis, D.}, title = {Assessment of glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis L. Cronq.) and fleabane (Conyza albida Willd. ex Spreng) populations from perennial crops in Greece}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, pages = {665-676}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2013.1263}, abstract = {The extended use of glyphosate resulted to its reduced efficacy against increasingly problematic weeds, such as Conyza spp. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence of glyphosate resistance in horseweed (C. canadensis) and fleabane (C. albida) populations in Greece, to evaluate the effect of weed growth stage on glyphosate efficacy under controlled environmental conditions and to study seed germination patterns of glyphosate-resistant (GR) and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) populations. Plants from 28 and 14 populations of horseweed and fleabane, respectively, sampled from five prefectures in Greece were sprayed with glyphosate at recommended rates. 68% of the tested populations of horseweed were potentially resistant or intermediate, while the relative percentage for fleabane was significantly lower (50%), probably because of the later introduction of this species. After initial screening, six populations from each species were selected and dose-response experiments were conducted. Glyphosate rates required to control some populations were 7 to 14 times greater than that for control of the reference susceptible populations. Sensitivity of GR horseweed and fleabane populations to glyphosate was strongly dependent on growth stage, with plants at the seedling stage being most sensitive to the herbicide. Moreover, when seeds of GR and GS populations from both species were subjected to different alternating temperature, germination occurring and seedling vigour did not differ between them with maximum germination at 10/20 and 15/25 oC. Consequently, various integrated management strategies should be urgently implemented in order to manage or slow the spread of glyphosate resistance in these species. Keywords: Glyphosate resistance; Horseweed; Fleabane; Growth stages.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1263.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1263_dda6160670cffb4cd7574990fcb91ec9.pdf} } @article { author = {Junjittakarn, J. and Pimratch, S. and Jogloy, S. and Htoon, W. and Singkham, N. and Vorasoot, N. and Toomsan, B. and Holbrook, C.C. and Patanothai, A.}, title = {Nutrient uptake of peanut genotypes under different water regimes}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, pages = {677-692}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2013.1264}, abstract = {Drought is a serious environmental stress limiting growth and productivity in peanut and other crops. Nutrient uptake of peanut is reduced under drought condition, which reduces yield. The objectives of this study were to investigate nutrient uptake of peanut genotypes in response to drought and to estimate the relationship between nutrient uptake and peanut yield under different water regimes. Pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the dry season 2002/03 and the rainy season 2003. Three soil moisture levels [field capacity (FC), 2/3 available soil water (2/3 AW) and 1/3 available soil water (1/3 AW)] were assigned as factor A and 11 peanut genotypes as factor B. Total nutrient uptake was determined at harvest. Season×water regime interactions and differences in seasons, water regimes and genotypes were significant for all nutrient uptakes. The interactions between season and genotype were significant for N and K uptakes. The nutrient uptakes of peanut plants grown under FC were higher than those plants grown under water stress treatments. Tifton 8 was the highest genotype for all nutrient uptakes in both dry and rainy seasons, while ICGV 98303 and KK 60-3 had high nutrient uptake under water stress condition. The nutrient uptake of peanut in the rainy season was higher than the dry season. The relationships between nutrient uptake parameters, biomass and pod dry weight were positive and significant in both seasons. This information is important for peanut breeder interested in developing peanut lines with reasonably high nutrient uptake under drought condition. Keywords: Biomass; Harvest index; Relationship; Nitrogen uptake; Water stress.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1264.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1264_dc4d88ed438143bded076a0e5b869dd0.pdf} } @article { author = {Küchenmeister, K. and Küchenmeister, F. and Kayser, M. and Wrage-Mönnig, N. and Isselstein, J.}, title = {Influence of drought stress on nutritive value of perennial forage legumes}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, pages = {693-710}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2013.1265}, abstract = {In the next decades, forage legumes are likely to become more important. However, predicted climate change may increase the risk of droughts and thus influence their agricultural performance. Decreases in yield due to water shortage are well documented, while influences on nutritive values are inconsistent. Therefore, we examined the effects of drought on crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) of six legumes, birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.); marsh birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr); black medic (Medicago lupulina L.); yellow alfalfa (Medicago falcata L.); sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in monoculture and in mixture with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in a container experiment in a vegetation hall. Moderate and strong drought stress was applied during three periods in two years. Mean volumetric soil water content at the end of the moderate drought stress period was 11 vol. % and 6 vol. % under strong stress. The effect of drought on nutritive values was considerably less pronounced than on yield. While the impact of moderate stress on nutritive quality was negligible, we found decreases in CP, NDF and ADF and increases in WSC under strong stress. This may indicate that water scarcity could even increase fodder quality and digestibility. However, the choice of legume species and stand (monoculture or mixture) had stronger effects on nutritive values than drought. We conclude that the reaction of temporary drought on nutritive values seems to be less important for the selection of suitable forage legumes species than other agronomic properties under conditions of climate change. Keywords: Crude protein; NDF; ADF; Water-soluble carbohydrates.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1265.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1265_651f854cc0df62c9ecc8ea72d81d6576.pdf} } @article { author = {Soltani, A. and Maddah, V. and Sinclair, T.R.}, title = {SSM-Wheat: a simulation model for wheat development,growth and yield}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, pages = {711-740}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2013.1266}, abstract = {A robust crop model can assist in genetic improvement and cultural management of the crop. The objectives of this study were to describe a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) model and to report results of its evaluation. The model simulates phenological development, leaf development and senescence, crop mass production and partitioning, plant nitrogen balance, yield formation and soil water and nitrogen balances. The model includes responses of crop processes to environmental factors of solar radiation, temperature and nitrogen and water availability. Parameters are inputted in describing physiological processes so that these can be varied to define genotypic differences. The model uses a daily time step and readily available weather and soil information. The model was tested using independent data and indicated an acceptable performance for important crop attributes as compared to observed results including days to anthesis (CV=4.5%; r=0.98) and maturity (CV=5.6%; r=0.96), crop LAI (CV=11.8%; r=0.80) and dry mass at anthesis (CV=9.3%; r=0.72) and total crop mass (CV=9.5%; r=0.82) at maturity and grain yield (CV=8.4%; r=0.89). It was concluded that the model can be used in simulation studies of wheat yield and its limitations in response to environmental conditions, management inputs and genetic factors. Keywords: Wheat; Simulation; Yield; Water; Nitrogen.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1266.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1266_2e618793a503ce9f956f510cb58f2534.pdf} } @article { author = {Salazar-Gutierrez, M.R. and Johnson, J. and Chaves-Cordoba, B. and Hoogenboom, G.}, title = {Relationship of base temperature to development of winter wheat}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, pages = {741-762}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2013.1267}, abstract = {Development of wheat (Triticum spp.) is primary driven by temperature, but is also affected by other factors such as vernalization and photoperiod. Crop growth and development are often described in terms of calendar days. However, determining the development in terms of thermal time or physiological time is more accurate because it is an accumulation of the caloric energy needed for the occurrence of phenological stages. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the base temperature for key phenological stages of different winter wheat cultivars and (ii) to develop a phenological model using the base temperature for predicting the duration in terms of thermal time for different phenological stages. Eight wheat cultivars were selected according to their vernalization period to determine the base temperature for three critical developmental phases, i.e., planting to heading, heading to harvest and planting to harvest. For each cultivar, the base temperature for each critical period was estimated as well as the duration of the three key phenological stages in terms of thermal time for three locations in Georgia from 1999 to 2010. The base temperatures and the growing degrees varied widely depending both on the developmental stage and the cultivar. The estimated base temperatures for the eight wheat cultivars ranged from 3.1 to 8.1 oC, 10.6 to 18.4 oC and 1.6 to 8.4 oC, for planting to heading, heading to harvest maturity and planting to harvest maturity. Also, the duration in Growing Degree Days (GDD) was determined for each season and cultivar. When 0 oC was used as the base temperature, the GDD between cultivars varied from 1675-1844, 1017-1239 and 2827-2936 oC from planting to heading, heading to harvest maturity and planting to harvest maturity, respectively. The results from this study provided specific base temperatures for each developmental stage for each individual cultivar and, therefore, provided a more accurate estimation of GDD. The variation in base temperature and GDD accumulation is probably a selective advantage for winter wheat. Clearly more work is required to estimate the base temperatures and duration for others phenological stages and further evaluation is required for additional cultivars and a wider range of environments. Keywords: Growing degree days; Development; Phenology.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1267.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1267_5516bc51d137246e9188c8ee29092420.pdf} } @article { author = {Klomsa-ard, P. and Patanothai, A. and Jaisil, P.}, title = {Efficient test sites for multi-environment evaluation of sugarcane genotypes in Thailand}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Production}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, pages = {763-790}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences}, issn = {1735-6814}, eissn = {1735-8043}, doi = {10.22069/ijpp.2013.1268}, abstract = {Multi-environment trials (METs) of crop genotypes are costly and require efficient test sites for cost effectiveness. This study aimed to identify efficient test sites for METs of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) genotypes in Thailand, utilizing data from 10 sugarcane genotypes conducted at nine locations covering different sugarcane growing regions of the country for two crop-classes. Cluster analysis and the genotype plus genotype × environment (GGE) biplot method were used to group these sites into five subsets, based on their similarity in genotypic responses of cane and sugar yields of the planted crop and the first ratoon crop. The results showed a fair agreement between the two methods, but inconsistent results were obtained from groupings that were based on different yield traits and crop-classes. Locations appearing more consistent in certain groups were chosen as the representatives of the respective groups to constitute the set of efficient test sites. Cluster analysis and the GGE biplot, however, identified different sets of test sites that were equally effective in retaining the G×L interaction and the performance ranking of the test genotypes as the original nine test sites. The selected locations by cluster analysis which included Nakhon Ratchasima, Ratchaburi, Kamphaeng Phet, Tha Phra, Khon Kaen and Udon Thani are preferred because of their wider geographical distribution. Four sites could thus be omitted, which would substantially reduce the costs and time and greatly improve the efficiency of the METs of sugarcane genotypes in Thailand. Keywords: Multi-environment trials (METs); Environment grouping; GGE biplot; Cluster analysis; Breeding line evaluation.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1268.html}, eprint = {https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1268_398c15bc473cb1801389930ee753b3c3.pdf} }