info
text
article
2014
eng
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
2
no.
2014
0
0
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1522_5f56f0bcd136ded8a959bb02da6635a5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1522
Rhizobacteria for reduced fertilizer inputs in wheat (Triticum aestivum spp. vulgare) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) on Aridisols in Turkey
R.
Çakmakçı
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
author
M.
Turan
Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University,
Kayısdagi, Atasehir Istanbul, Turkey.
author
M.
Güllüce
Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
author
F.
Şahin
Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University,
Kayısdagi, Atasehir Istanbul, Turkey.
author
text
article
2014
eng
The present study assessed the effect of seed inoculation with single or multiple
plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains on yield in spring wheat
(Triticum aestivum spp. vulgare var. Kırık) and barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Tokak)
plants in both greenhouse and field conditions during the years 2007 and 2008. The
treatments of wheat and barley plants during the first year included: (1) Control
(no inoculation and no fertilizer), (2) Bacillus OSU-142 (B.OSU-142), (3) Bacillus
megaterium M3 (B. megaterium M3), (4) Azospirillum brasilense Sp.245 (A. brasilense
Sp.245), (5) Mixed 1 (B.OSU-142 + Bacillus M3 + Azospirillum AB-245),
(6) Bacillus megaterium RC07 (B. megaterium RC07), (7) Paenibacillus polymyxa
RC05, (8) Bacillus licheniformis RC08, (9) mineral nitrogen N1 (80 kg N ha-1) and
(10) N2 (40 kg N ha-1 in the form of urea). In the second year treatments were:
(1) Raoutella terrigena (R. Terrigena), (2) Burkholderia cepacia FS Tur
(B. cepacia FS Tur), (3) B. OSU-142 ARM, (4) B. M3 ARM, (5) A. sp.245 ARM,
(6) P. polymyxa RC14, (7) B. megaterium RC10, (8) Mixed 2 (Bacillus OSU-142+
Bacillus M3+ Azospirillum brasilense sp.245 + 40 kg N ha) in addition to the first
year treatments. Greenhouse and the two years of field trials at two sites showed that
seed inoculation with bacterial strains significantly affected yield, yield components
and quality parameters both in spring wheat and barley. In greenhouse trials, single
inoculations of seeds with PGPRs gave root and shoot weight increases by
11.0-16.5% and 14.4-30.4% in wheat and by 10.3-18.8% and 11.9-21.5% in barley.
Combinations of three bacteria increased root and shoots weight by 18.3-31.5% in
wheat and by 21.4-23.8 in barley and bacterial inoculations also increased grain
yield by 4.3-18.5% in wheat and 8.3-19.1% in barley, respectively. In field conditions wheat grain yields were increased by 25.6-40.4%, 17.4-25.2% and
31.4% while barley seed yield were increased by 16.2-33.7%, 4.2-14.4 and 16.8%
with N fertilizer, single and combinations of PGPR bacteria inoculations compared
to control. Plant-growth responses were variable and depended on the inoculants
strain, plant species and growth parameters evaluated. In conclusion, seed
inoculations with bacteria especially B. OSU-142, A. brasilense sp.245 and
combinations of bacteria may satisfy nitrogen requirements of wheat and barley
under green house and field conditions even in lowland and upland areas. The
present results indicate that the selected bacterial isolates and multiple
combinations did promote the growth and quality of wheat and barley in ways that
could be harnessed to practical benefit for the farmer and consistent with
sustainable and/or organic agricultural practices in Turkey.
Keywords: Aridisol; Biofertilizers; Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR).
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
2
no.
2014
163
182
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1523_4a07f217372aec678046eb6e514a4f96.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1523
Maize response to water, salinity and nitrogen levels: yield-water relation, water-use efficiency and water uptake reduction function
A.
Azizian
Irrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R of Iran (At present, faculty member of Ardakan University).
author
A.R.
Sepaskhah
Irrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R of Iran (At present, faculty member of Ardakan University).
author
text
article
2014
eng
Water, salinity and nitrogen are the major factors affecting maize production in
arid and semi-arid areas. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects
of different water, salinity and nitrogen levels on yield-water relationships, water
use, water productivity (WP), water use efficiency (WUE) and water uptake
reduction function by maize hybrid SC-704 in a semi-arid area and silty clay loam
soil. A split-split-plot design with three replications in two years of 2009 and 2010
was conducted. The different levels of irrigation water considered as main plot,
salinity of irrigation water as sub-plot and nitrogen fertilizer rate as sub-sub-plot.
Irrigation treatments consisted of I1 (1.0ETc+0.25ETc as leaching), I2 (0.75I1) and I3
(0.50I1) applied at 7-day intervals. The salinity treatments of irrigation were 0.6
(fresh water), 2.0 and 4.0 dS m-1. There were also three nitrogen (N) treatments
including 0, 150 and 300 kg N ha-1. Results showed that the actual crop ET and
transpiration (T) were significantly less in I3 as compared to I1 treatments as 42 and
43%, respectively. Besides, T values under S3 were statistically less than that in S1
treatment as 12%. The soil evaporation (E) values were 26, 31 and 27% of ET at I1,
I2 and I3 treatments, respectively and its values significantly increased with
increasing salinity levels of irrigation water. The minimum and maximum amount
of E occurred at I3S1N3 and I1S3N3, respectively. The study showed that deficit
irrigation as 0.50I1 and 0.75 I1 were the optimum levels of irrigation to access the
highest WP and WUE for dry matter (DM) and grain yield (GY) respectively.
Besides, S1 was the optimum treatment for achievement of highest WP and WUE
for DM and GY. Results also indicated that the optimum treatment for WP and
WUE for GY was I2S1N3. Furthermore, N fertilization could not statistically
improve WP and WUE beyond 150 kg N ha-1. The yield response factor to water
showed that maize GY was more sensitive to water than its DM. Results also indicated that the Homaee and Feddes (1999) equation was resulted in acceptable
estimation of root-water uptake reduction function [α (h,ho)]. Furthermore, results
showed that the FAO method underestimated the maize yield (DM/GY) at different
N application rates: however, the Homaee and Feddes (1999) method resulted in
acceptable prediction of the maize GY. Therefore, Homaee and Feddes (1999)
equation is recommended for estimation of both α (h, ho) and maize GY.
Keywords: Maize; Nitrogen levels; Root-water uptake reduction function; Salinity
levels; Water use efficiency; Yield-water relationships.
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
2
no.
2014
183
214
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1524_62066b9aefcd75140924f789fe7915a5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1524
Sunflower morphology and yield as affected by foliar applications of plant growth regulators
S.D.
Koutroubas
Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Agricultural Development, 68200 Orestiada, Greece.
author
G.
Vassiliou
Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Agricultural Development, 68200 Orestiada, Greece.
author
C.A.
Damalas
Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Agricultural Development, 68200 Orestiada, Greece.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Plant height of sunflower is a major agronomic trait affecting crop performance
in the field and its adaptation to mechanical harvest. Field experiments were
conducted to study the effect of foliar application of paclobutrazol (PBZ) at 12.5 g
ai/ha, mepiquat chloride (MPC) at 25.0 g ai/ha and chlormequat chloride (CCC) at
1,500 g ai/ha in single or double applications on sunflower plant morphology,
growth and achene yield and oil content. Single applications of PBZ or MPC
reduced sunflower plant height at maturity by 11.1% and 11.7%, respectively.
Single applications of PBZ, MPC or CCC did not reduce the above ground dry
weight of the plants, provided similar achene yield per plant and 100-achenes
weight compared with those of the non-treated control, whereas increased the total
number of achenes as well as the number of filled achenes per capitulum. Double
applications of PBZ, MPC or CCC reduced plant height by 13.9%, 15.6% and
13.4%, respectively, but proved in certain cases to have a phytotoxic effect on
achene and oil production. Double application of PBZ resulted in lower achene and
oil yield than the non-treated control, whereas double application of MPC resulted
in lower above ground dry weight at maturity, achene yield and 100-achenes
weight. Double application of CCC resulted in reduced 100-achenes weight.
Overall, PBZ and MPC under the single dose scheme applied can reduce plant
height in sunflower without adverse effects on achene and oil yields, thus
providing a basis for reducing the risk of plant lodging.
Keywords: Height; Lodging; Chlormequat chloride; Mepiquat chloride; Paclobutrazol.
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
2
no.
2014
215
230
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1525_7a1608b32a30cdb6a91c92c166d1962d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1525
Effects of a 3-year reduced tillage on the yield and quality of grain and weed infestation of spring triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack)
A.
Woźniak
Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland.
author
M.
Soroka
Department of Botany, Ukrainian National Forestry University, 79057 Lviv, Ukraine.
author
text
article
2014
eng
This study was aimed at analyzing the yield, grain quality and weed infestation of
spring triticale sown in 3 tillage systems: a) conventional tillage (CT)-shallow
ploughing and harrowing after harvest of the previous crop, ploughing in the autumn;
b) reduced tillage (RT)-only cultivator after harvest of the previous crop, and c)
no-tillage (NT)-only glyphosate (360 g L-1) after harvest of the previous crop. Depth
of tillage varied according to intended purpose with shallow ploughing at a depth of
10-12 cm, autumn ploughing at a depth of 25-30 cm and cultivator tillage at a depth
of 10-15 cm. The yield of spring triticale of ‘Legalo’ cultivar sown in the CT was
higher than grain yields from RT and NT systems. The lower productivity of triticale
in the NT and RT systems, compared to the CT system, resulted from a reduced
number of spikes as well as a lower weight and number of grains from spike. Grain
of triticale harvested from CT plots was characterized by a higher content of starch
and by lower contents of protein and crude fiber than the grain from the RT and NT
systems. The RT and NT systems significantly increased the number and air-dry
weight of weeds in triticale crop, compared to the CT system.
Keywords: Spring triticale; Grain quality; Grain yield; Weeds; Tillage systems.
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
2
no.
2014
231
242
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1526_8a00473e77ccd5e39532288b198e2c86.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1526
Participatory varietal selection of chickpea in rainfed rice fallow lands of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh in India for sustainable crop production
R.
Ghosh
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Greater
Hyderabad, Andhra, Pradesh, India.
author
S.
Pande
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Greater
Hyderabad, Andhra, Pradesh, India.
author
R.
Telangre
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Greater
Hyderabad, Andhra, Pradesh, India.
author
D.
Kathal
Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
author
S.
Singh
Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
author
G.
Usmani
Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
author
A.
Patel
Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
author
S.K.
Rao
Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
author
S.
Mishra
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
author
A.
Pachuri
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
author
S.
Verma
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
author
R.N.
Sharma
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
author
P.M.
Gaur
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Greater
Hyderabad, Andhra, Pradesh, India.
author
M.
Sharma
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Greater
Hyderabad, Andhra, Pradesh, India.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Production and area of chickpea are reducing every year in India due tocompetition with horticulture and other cash crops in irrigated areas. There is a greatscope for expanding chickpea production with or without limited irrigation in rainfedrice fallow lands (RRFL) in the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Nineteenchickpea genotypes were tested using participatory varietal selection (PVS) trials onfarmers’ fields in each of the four districts of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.Among the several traits of the introduced chickpea varieties, grain yield was themost preferred trait by farmers, followed by resistance to diseases and early maturity.Selection of chickpea genotypes varied over time and location depending onagronomic and climatic pressures, indicating a preference by farmers for growingmultiple, improved varieties. Yield potential of PVS genotypes averaged up to 50%greater than the local cultivar. Farmers’ participation in the selection process ofgenotypes laid the foundation of better and sustainable yields of chickpea andthereby providing better economic returns suitable to small farmers of RRFL ofChhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. The results of this study can be replicated in thesimilar environments in Asia and Africa.Keywords: Farmer participatory; Improved genotype; Mother and daughter trials;Plant breeding; Rainfed rice fallow; Varietal selection.
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
2
no.
2014
243
254
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1527_6f5b945d8c790057f02d3fcf0fbbf658.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1527
Seed weight in canola as a function of assimilate supply and source-sink ratio during seed filling period
A.
Faraji
Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Golestan, Gorgan, Iran.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Understanding variation in SW (seed weigh) is of major importance in
understanding SY (seed yield) variation. The objective of this study was to
determine factors such as SN (seed number) per unit area, SFD (seed filling
duration) and SFR (seed filling rate) and temperature, LAI (leaf area index), LAD
(leaf area duration), above-ground dry matter, CGR (crop growth rate), leaf dry
matter remobilization and efficiency and SSR (source-sink ratio) around SFP (seed
filling period), affecting SW in canola (Brassica napus L.). The experiment was
conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Gonbad, Iran, during 2005-7. Two
cultivars of spring type canola (Hyola401 and RGS003) as subplots were grown at
5 sowing dates (SDs) as main plots, spaced approximately 30 days apart, to obtain
a wide range of environmental conditions during SFP. The experiment was
arranged in two conditions, i.e. supplemental irrigation (SI) and rainfed (RF). SW
was influenced by the growing season rainfall and temperature. The availability of
the crop to produce and to remobilize photosynthetic assimilates to developing
seeds was a good determinant factor for SW. SW increased with increase in LAI,
above-ground dry matter production and remobilization and SSR around SFP,
leading to an increased SY, suggested that SW primarily depends on the resource
availability. The relationships of SW with SFR and SFD and above-ground dry
matter, LAI, leaf dry matter remobilization and efficiency and SSR around SFP,
over environmental conditions, sowing dates and cultivars, showed these variables
to be generally applicable in canola SW determination.
Keywords: Canola; Cultivar; Seed weight; Assimilate supply; Seed filling period.
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
2
no.
2014
255
270
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1528_2e3736c88ec1200fefacb5c0c2a7d55b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1528
Maize (Zea mays L.) yield and aflatoxin accumulation responses to exogenous glycinebetaine application
K.R.
Reddy
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
author
R.
Seepaul
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
author
W.B.
Henry
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
author
B.
Gajanayake
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
author
S.
Lokhande
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
author
D.
Brand
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Exogenously applied glycinebetaine (GB) accumulates at high levels in maize
(Zea mays L.). Under water deficit and high temperature conditions GB application
produces yield benefits. These sub-optimum conditions often result in high levels
of aflatoxin accumulation which reduces grain quality. A 3-year (2008, 2009 and
2010) field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of GB on maize
yield and aflatoxin accumulation. Weekly and alternate weekly GB application
increased plant biomass by 10 and 13%, respectively. Net photosynthesis increased
by 6% with GB application; however, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and
electron transport rate were not significantly affected. Grain yield increased by 6
and 13% with GB applied alternate weekly and weekly, respectively, over control
plots averaged over years. GB application resulted in a trend of reduced aflatoxin
accumulation in inoculated ears compared with non-inoculated controls in 2009
and 2010; however, inherent field and sampling variation did not allow us to
conclude statistically any advantage attributable to GB application. We can
conclude that GB did not significantly reduce aflatoxin production in the
inoculated treatments.
Keywords: Maize; Glycinebetaine; Photosynthesis; Growth; Aflatoxin accumulation.
International Journal of Plant Production
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
1735-6814
8
v.
2
no.
2014
271
290
https://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_1529_9816e44982f39712b39bb8bfb7b29f18.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2014.1529